The invention discloses an intelligent ultrasonic measurement system and a measurement method, and belongs to the field of measurement instruments in the industrial field. The measurement system is an instrument capable of measuring flow, temperature, wall thickness and the like in a pipeline in different field environments, the core of the measurement system is a handheld ultrasonic measuring instrument, and the handheld ultrasonic measuring instrument is a handheld intelligent flow measuring instrument with an embedded microprocessor as a control core. The whole measurement system is composed of an ultrasonic flow measuring instrument, an ultrasonic flow probe, a temperature sensor, an ultrasonic wall thickness probe, a fixing support, a clamp, a PC and the like, and achieves flow, temperature and wall thickness measurement. The system has the functions of key operation, test parameter setting, test result display and the like, can achieve flow measurement under different pipe diameters, different media and different environments, has the remarkable advantages of being wide in measurement range, high in environmental adaptability, high in precision and the like, and can meet the application requirements in the military and civil fields.