The invention relates to a correctness verification method and system of a suffix array and a longest common prefix. The method includes the steps that T is scanned once from right to left, the size of a character T[i] and the size of a subsequent character T[i+1] are compared according to the definition of suffix types, and the types of the character T[i] and the suffix suf(T, i) of T are calculated and recorded in t[i]; elements in SA1 and LCPA1 are initialized as -1; SA is scanned once from left to right, and all LMS suffixes and LCP values thereof in SA are found according to an array t and recorded in SA1 and LCPA1 in sequence respectively; the adjacent LMS suffixes and the LCP values thereof in SA1 are subjected to correctness verification according to the character string T, the array t, SA1 and LCPA1; L-type suffixes and LCP values thereof are inductively sorted according to the character string T, the array t, B, C, SA1 and LCPA1; S-type suffixes and LCP values thereof are inductively sorted according to the character string T, the array t, B, C, SA1 and LCPA1; SA, SA1, LCPA and LCPA1 are scanned once in sequence, whether SA and SA1 are identical and LCPA and LCPA1 are identical or not is determined through comparison, and if the two groups are identical through comparison, SA and LCPA of T are correct.