The invention discloses a virtual machine image management optimization method based on data de-duplication. The specific steps of the virtual machine image management optimization method based on the data de-duplication include that when a virtual machine image is uploaded, a fixed size partitioning method is adopted by a user end to divide an image file into a plurality of data blocks, the size of each data block is the same as the size of a cluster of a local file system, a mini disk (MD) 5 value of each data block is calculated, Socket programming technology is used, a finger print is sent to a server end, the server end searches the finger print and returns the result to the user end, whether the data blocks are sent is judged by the user end according to the result, and the network sources are saved; when the server end searches the finger print, by using a finger print filter and a finger print storage device, the memory usage amount and disk access amount are reduced; when the data are saved, the data blocks are directly stored in a complete cluster, the repetitive job of image renewing and segmentation is eliminated. The virtual machine image management optimization method based on the data de-duplication achieves a kernel mode file system of the online data de-duplication, reduces the disk storage amount and reduces internet consumption.