The invention discloses a high-speed image acquisition memory card based on PCI-E (Peripheral Component Interconnect-Express), which comprises an optical fiber transmission module, an A/D conversion module, an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) logic module, an EPCS (Electronic Propulsion Control System) logic program memory module, a JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) program download interface, an SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) hard disk data memory module, an SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) module, a bridge chip and a PCI-E interface, wherein the optical fiber transmission module is connected with the A/D conversion module; the PCI-E interface is connected with the bridge chip; the A/D conversion module, the EPCS logic program memory module, the JTAG program download interface, the SATA hard disk data memory module, the SDRAM module and the bridge chip are connected with the FPGA logic module respectively. Therefore, high-speed image acquisition can be realized fast.