The invention discloses a multi-dimensional distance clustering anomaly detection method and system based on a time sequence, and belongs to the technical field of aviation safety. The multi-dimensional distance clustering anomaly detection method based on the time sequence comprises the following steps: step 1, preprocessing a trajectory data set, the preprocessing comprising cleaning and re-integration; 2, calculating the multi-dimensional similarity between the tracks; 3, for the multi-dimensional Hausdorff distance, constructing an inter-track similarity matrix; 4, carrying out a hierarchical clustering algorithm of the multi-dimensional hausdorff distance; selecting a hierarchical clustering algorithm in machine learning to perform hierarchical clustering based on the similarity matrix; and step 5, detecting the anomaly detection effect of the algorithm, constructing a track with anomalies in speed, direction, longitude and latitude, clustering the abnormal track with a normal track through the hierarchical clustering algorithm, and evaluating the clustering algorithm by selecting a correct rate, a precision rate, a recall rate and an F1 value.