The invention discloses a distribution transformer health state evaluation method based on real-time operation information. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting evaluation indexes, i.e., selecting a load rate, a voltage bias, a three-phase imbalance degree, a harmonic total distortion rate as the evaluation indexes; step 2, quantifying the indexes, i.e., calculating a health state reduced score of each index, and accordingly, according to Si=100-SDi, obtaining a health state score Si of each index; step 3, distributing index weights, i.e., calculating a weight of each index by use of a weight varying method; and step 4, calculating a state evaluation score, i.e., after the weight of each index is obtained, calculating a health state integrated score S<operation> of a distribution transformer according to a formula indicated in the descriptions. According to the invention, the real-time operation information is taken as an evaluation index for combination with an existing state evaluation technology, such that the defect of timeliness of a conventional maintenance technology is made up for, and the health state of the transformer is reflected more timely.