Aiming at the problems of unbalanced energy and low coverage efficiency of the existing WSN, the invention provides a WSN energy efficient coverage method and device for improving a bacterial foraging
algorithm (EABFO). According to the method, an adaptive variation method is adopted during position updating, before a predicted
peak value is reached, the variation probability is increased along with the increase of the number of iterations, the randomness of
bacteria is increased, global large-range search is realized, omission of an optimal solution is avoided,
local optimum is tended, after the predicted
peak value is reached, the variation probability is reduced, and local detail search is realized; time and space waste is reduced, and
algorithm efficiency is improved. In addition, an elite breeding strategy is innovatively provided, the optimal fitness value is reserved, reverse growth of the fitness value is avoided, and the whole
flora is evolved in a better direction. Compared with a
genetic algorithm, the method has the advantages that the service life of the sensor matrix is prolonged by 200%, the method is suitable for energy-limited scenes such as large-scale static monitoring and dynamic target tracking, and the life cycle of the WSN is effectively prolonged.