The invention discloses a clamping device capable of facilitating drill bit replacement and used for a drilling machine. The clamping device comprises a fixing sleeve, clamping rings, a limiting ring, pressing arms, a first spring, a second spring and an auxiliary sleeve. According to the clamping device, the fixing sleeve is arranged, the at least three clamping rings which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged on the fixing sleeve, the clamping rings swing and rotate relative to the fixing sleeve, the evenly-distributed clamping rings swing oppositely and can clamp a drill rod stretching into the fixing sleeve, in other words, when the drill rod is inserted into the fixing sleeve from the lower part, the drill rod can conveniently enter the space defined by the evenly-distributed clamping rings, the limiting ring is arranged outside the fixing sleeve, a gear meshing with the clamping rings is arranged on the limiting ring, the gear is fixedly matched relative to the limiting ring, a guide sleeve connected with the limiting ring is arranged on the fixing sleeve in a sleeved mode, the guide sleeve is sleeved with the auxiliary sleeve, the pressing arm matched with the gear is hinged to the outer part of the fixing sleeve, one end of the pressing arm is hinged to the outer wall of the auxiliary sleeve through a connecting rod, the guide sleeve is in elastic sliding fit with the auxiliary sleeve and the fixing sleeve, and the drill rod is elastically controlled and locked.