A civil air defense door posture detection device and a detection method. The device comprises an posture detection unit and a control unit which are integrated; the posture detection unit comprises aposture sensor, and the control unit comprises a processor, a memory, a signal input interface and a switching value signal interface; the posture sensor collects a real-time posture parameter electrical signal and transmits to the processor through the signal input interface, the memory stores original posture parameters, preset alarm parameters, real-time posture parameters, and corner-suspending state information parameters of a civil air defense door compared and judged by the processor, and transmits to the switching value signal interface for amplification, and all the parameters are converted into a switching value signal to control an external station or train signal system to send a corresponding control signal. The detection unit and the control unit of the device form an organic whole, the structure is simple, the impact on the appearance integrality of the civil air defense door is small, installation position restraints are avoided, the installation and replacement are convenient, the service life is long, real-time posture monitoring on the civil air defense door is realized, no monitoring dead zone exists, and the monitoring accuracy is high.