The invention belongs to the technical field of weak foundation reinforcement of geotechnical engineering, relates to an anti-floating anchor rod advanced reinforcement drilling and wall protecting method based on a microbial grouting technology, wherein an in-situ bacterial culture scheme is adopted, in-situ excitation is carried out by utilizing naturally occurring soil urease bacteria in soil,and the characteristic bacterial culture medium is utilized to grow urease in soil to avoid the potential microbial hazards caused by introduction of microbial strains into soil from the outside; an advanced grouting process is adopted, the microbial culture medium is injected into surrounding soil before drilling, after the microbial in-situ culture is completed, a microbial mineralization process is started to enable the surrounding soil body to occur curing reaction, and after curing is completed, the drilling, grouting and anchoring work of the anti-floating anchor rods are performed in sequence, and the isolation plate need not be placed into the borehole; the construction cost is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved. According anti-floating anchor rod advanced reinforcement drilling and wall protecting method based on a microbial grouting technology, the process is simple, convenient to operate, low in cost, practicability and construction efficiency is high, andthe anchoring performance of the anti-floating anchor rod is improved, while which can protect the underground water layer and the environment.