105 results about "Fracture plane" patented technology

The present application relates to a locking bone fixation device having tabs to engage the threads of an orthopedic fixation element. A tool and method for inducing compression across a fracture plane is also disclosed.

A method for characterizing fracture planes generated during a hydraulic fracturing process, comprises receiving microseismic data from the hydraulic fracturing process and processing a microseismic event cloud from the received microseismic data. This is followed by determining at least one reservoir geometry from the microseismic event cloud. The determination of geometry may consist of determining multiple candidate geometries and probability of each. In some forms of the invention the method may comprise postulating a set of candidate geometries with differing numbers of fracture planes, determining the most probable locations of the postulated fracture planes in each member of the set of candidate geometries and also determining relative probabilities of the candidate geometries in the postulated set. Determining a location of a fracture plane may comprise calculating a number density for each microseismic event, dependent on distance from some possible location of a fracture plane or fracture network. Finding the location of a plane may then be finding the location for which the number density is greatest. The determination of reservoir geometry may be followed by determination of the area of the fracture planes and / or by a prediction of production.

The invention discloses a formation fracture space reconstruction method based on rock core measure. The formation fracture space reconstruction method based on the rock core measure comprises the following steps: step 1 of selecting fracture rock core, step 2 of scanning and processing a fracture rock sample through non-contact type measure system and obtaining a surface chart, step 3 of acquiring form data through a three-dimensional point cloud data reverse engineering software, step 4 of exporting the form data, generating a point cloud file, step 5 of generating the point cloud file to a fracture space grid chart by using a matrix laboratory ( MATLAB), step 6 of drawing contour lines, step 7 of processing and generating a space height map, and step 8 of conducting necessary rotation and move to the space height map, and obtaining a reconstruction fracture space model. The formation fracture space reconstruction method based on the rock core measure has the advantages that the height of the reconstruction fracture space model acquired through reconstruction is the same as an actual fracture form, precision is improved significantly, feasibility and practicability are achieved, digital simulation research of mesomechanics can be well satisfied, and necessary reference for further research of reservoir network fracture plane, output volume prediction and pressure sensitivity test is served.

The invention is a method for inverting reservoir bi-axial anisotropy and identifying complicated fracture / cross-bedding system (104) by using tri-axial induction logs and wellbore survey / image log data. An inversion method is disclosed that uses all nine components that can be measured by tri-axial induction tools (101), plus borehole azimuth and deviation data, to solve for the tri-axial induction response in an arbitrary anisotropic formation due to the non-orthogonal bedding plane and fracture plane (or cross bedding plane). A mathematical formula is provided relating the conductivity tensor in the tool's reference frame to the conductivity tensor in a reference plane associated with the fracture / cross bedding planes (102). This equation is inverted (103) to yield the conductivity tensor components in the fracture / cross bedding coordinate system, along with dip and azimuth angles for both the fracture / cross bedding planes and the tool.

The invention discloses a visual physical experimental system and a visual physical experimental method for a rock hydraulic fracturing plane problem. The visual physical experimental system comprisesa crustal stress loading and control system, a hydraulic servo pump pressure system, a crack surface observation system, and an internal deformation and stress monitoring system, wherein the crustalstress loading and control system is used for applying confining pressure to s sample to simulate reservoir crustal stress; the hydraulic servo pumping system is used for pumping fracturing fluid intothe sample; the crack surface observation system is used for monitoring and recording a crack dynamic evolution process in the fracturing process and analyzing and processing the crack evolution process; and the internal deformation and stress monitoring system is used for monitoring an induced stress evolution rule and sample deformation characteristics in the sample in the hydraulic fracture propagation process. The visual physical experimental system and the visual physical experimental method can solve the problems existing in the rock hydraulic fracturing physical experiment, and play anirreplaceable important role in discovering a new multi-cluster fracturing phenomenon and revealing the inter-fracture rock mechanical response and competition mechanism.

A method of treating a fractured vertebral body by using a) a plurality of reinforcement rods combined with the b) a bone growth agent, wherein the reinforcement rods act to mechanically join disparate bone fragments across the fracture planes, thereby stabilizing the fracture site, and the bone growth agent promotes the growth of new bone across the fracture planes, thereby permanently replacing the fracture site with new bone.

The invention discloses a method for measuring and calculating the rock mass fracture rate in the field, which comprises the steps of collecting geological data of an area to be measured; carrying out field geological reconnaissance; preliminary judging the number of groups of the joint planes, and determining the position and the size of a unit body; measuring the trace length, the fracture width and the attitude of each fracture plane of each group of the joint plane fractures, and further judging the number of groups of the joint planes; and calculating the total volume of each group of fractures and the rock mass fracture rate. The method disclosed by the invention renovates an inherent method for measuring the line fracture rate and the plane fracture rate, can acquire data of the rock mass fracture rate with high reliability on the basis of relatively convenient measurement, and is clear in process. The method disclosed by the invention can be applied to the engineering technology fields such as hydraulic and hydro-power engineering geology, geotechnical engineering investigation, rock mass seepage calculation, high and steep slope green plant covering and the like.

This invention relates to a process for transfer of at least one thin film of solid material delimited in an initial substrate (20). It comprises the following steps: a step in which a layer of inclusions (21) is formed in the initial substrate (20) at a depth corresponding to the required thickness of the thin film, these inclusions being designed to form traps for gaseous compounds which will subsequently be implanted; a subsequent step for implantation of the said gaseous compounds, in a manner to convey the gaseous species into the layer of inclusions, the dose of implanted gaseous compounds being sufficient to cause the formation of micro-cavities likely to form a fracture plane along which the thin film can be separated from the remainder of the substrate.

A tool for breaking a shaft includes two aligned tubular elements (20, 22), each having an end portion for receiving a contiguous length of the same shaft (2). Means are provided for locking each end portion against rotation relative to the shaft length received therein, and the elements are adapted for rotation relative to one another with the end portions so locked, to relatively twist the shaft lengths and shear the lengths at the interface between them. The element end portions will normally have juxtaposed faces, and it is preferred that the faces are moved towards each other during the relative rotation and as the shaft lengths are twisted relative to each other. This assists in achieving a substantially planar face at the fracture plane. A compressible washer may be disposed between the juxtaposed faces. This can stabilize the moving parts as the shaft is broken, although normally screw threads on the tubular elements will effect the movement of the element. towards each other, and this in itself may provide sufficient stability.

The invention discloses a far field key stratum roof cutting and pressure releasing roadway protection method based on a triangular plate structure model and belongs to the field of coal mining. The method comprises the steps that the stratum position of a far field key stratum influencing working face free roadway mine pressure behavior is determined; the arranged position coordinate of ground drilling is determined, and drilling construction is conducted; and a complete cutting fracture plane parallel to a coal pillar is formed on the far field key stratum through the ground drilling fracturing technology. Presplitting of the far field key stratum above a free roadway in advance is facilitated, and the cutting plane parallel to the coal pillar is formed on the far field key stratum, so that stress transferring is obstructed, mine pressure is released, the length of a lateral rotation block body of a fractured side original roof rock stratum of the free roadway is reduced, the strong mine pressure behavior of the free roadway can be relieved essentially, the supporting requirement of a roof is reduced, accordingly the reserved width of the coal pillar is reduced greatly, the coal recovery rate is increased effectively, and economic benefits are increased.

A limited entry perforating phased gun system and method for accurate perforation in a deviated / horizontal wellbore is disclosed. The system / method includes a gun string assembly (GSA) deployed in a wellbore with shaped charge clusters. The charges are spaced and angled such that, when perforated, they intersect at a preferred fracturing plane. Upon fracturing, the fractures initiate at least principal stress location in a preferred fracturing plane perpendicular to the wellbore from an upward and downward location of the wellbore. Thereafter, the fractures connect radially about the wellbore in the preferred fracturing plane. The fracture treatment in the preferred fracturing plane creates minimal tortuosity paths for longer extension of fractures that enables efficient oil and gas flow rates during production.

A limited entry perforating phased gun system and method for accurate perforation in a deviated / horizontal wellbore is disclosed. The system / method includes a gun string assembly (GSA) deployed in a wellbore with shaped charge clusters. The charges are spaced and angled such that, when perforated, they intersect at a preferred fracturing plane. Upon fracturing, the fractures initiate at least principal stress location in a preferred fracturing plane perpendicular to the wellbore from an upward and downward location of the wellbore. Thereafter, the fractures connect radially about the wellbore in the preferred fracturing plane. The fracture treatment in the preferred fracturing plane creates minimal tortuosity paths for longer extension of fractures that enables efficient oil and gas flow rates during production.

The invention provides a draught fan foundation strengthening method. The draught fan foundation strengthening method comprises the following steps that firstly, a plurality of grouting hole positionsare formed in the inner side and the outer side of a draught fan foundation ring at certain interval positions, a drilling machine is adopted for drilling the position below the lower bottom face ofa foundation ring bottom flange, and the drilling hole diameter meets the grouting slurry diameter requirement; secondly, drilling hole way cleaning is conducted; and thirdly, a high polymer materialA and a high polymer material B are prepared into high polymer polyurethane slurry according to the ratio to conduct high-pressure chemical grouting filling on a drilling hole way, the material A andthe material B are conveyed to the fracture plane gap position through the high pressure till fissure gaps are fully filled, the materials become solids from liquid after the chemical reaction, the size is slightly expanded, and the purposes of filling cavities and the gaps and extruding and discharging gap water are achieved. According to the draught fan foundation strengthening method, the project manufacturing cost is low, the construction period is short, strength is high, curing is fast, the construction effect is reliable, and rapid repairing and strengthening of the draught fan foundation can be achieved.

Ripper point structure includes a nose with a tapered top that initiates lift and fracture of compacted soil layers. The tapered top with an included angle of about 100 degrees just forward of the parting wear shin creates a parting stress which increases until the center portion of the soil profile is cut by a sharp leading edge of the shin. In a winged embodiment, gently sloping ripper point wings gradually enter the fracture plane left below the lifted compaction layer and initiate a second fracture of the soil profile. The wings are spaced rearwardly from the point so that the point and wear shin have enough time to lift, fracture, and part the soil profile in contact with the shank prior to any wing action.

A limited entry perforating phased gun system and method for accurate perforation in a deviated / horizontal wellbore is disclosed. The system / method includes a gun string assembly (GSA) deployed in a wellbore with shaped charge clusters. The charges are spaced and angled such that, when perforated, they intersect at a preferred fracturing plane. Upon fracturing, the fractures initiate at least principal stress location in a preferred fracturing plane perpendicular to the wellbore from an upward and downward location of the wellbore. Thereafter, the fractures connect radially about the wellbore in the preferred fracturing plane. The fracture treatment in the preferred fracturing plane creates minimal tortuosity paths for longer extension of fractures that enables efficient oil and gas flow rates during production.

The invention relates to a high-pressure gas seam-expanding, grouting and water-plugging method for a precutting trough of microfissure surrounding rock. Annular cutting groove pretreatment is performed on the bottom of a grouting hole, the surrounding rock on the bottom of the grouting hole cracks in a directional manner along an annular cutting groove by a high-pressure gas seam-expanding mode, a through fracture plane is generated between the surrounding rock and an adjacent drilling hole, cement paste is injected in the through fracture plane so as to block the through fracture plane, a complete and effective water-plugging curtain is formed, the purpose of blocking a water seepage channel of the microfissure surrounding rock is achieved, new fissures in the surrounding rock can be avoided, water-plugging failure caused by secondary damage on the surrounding rock is avoided, a microfissure surrounding rock grouting and water-plugging effect is improved greatly, an application range is wide, field operation is simple, a blocking effect on permeated water of the microfissure surrounding rock is excellent, and the field direct application value is high.

An electrical switching device (1) which comprises at least one double breaking pole provided with two fixed contacts (3, 4) that cooperate with two moving contacts (5, 6) arranged so as to move in a breaking plane (P) and define, with every fixed contact, a breaking zone. The device comprises a permanent magnet (11, 12) housed in an insulating holder arranged in the immediate environment, next to each breaking zone, symmetrically with respect to the breaking plane and oriented so as to generate a magnetic excitation vector parallel to the breaking plane (P) so that the induced electromagnetic force (FE) moves and stretches every electric arc (E1, E2), generated when opening the electrical circuit, in a direction perpendicular to the breaking plane (P), leading to the extinction of the electric arc regardless of the polarity of the magnet and / or of the current.

The invention discloses an early warning method of a mine ground pressure disaster. The early warning method comprises the following steps: firstly, positioning seismic source position coordinates ofmicroseisms events occurring during deformation and failure of a rock mass in a mine by using a mine microseisms monitoring system; combining the seismic source position coordinates of all the microseisms events, then enabling every three points to form a plane from, and solving the distribution of the normal vector of each plane in the vertical projection orientation to obtain dominant orientation of the normal vector of a fracture plane; setting a plane vertical to the dominant orientation of the normal vector of the fracture plane as a dominant fracture plane, and statistically analyzing adistribution space of the dominant fracture plane area to obtain an early warning space; analyzing according to an accumulative apparent volume-energy index and a spatial-temporal b value variation rule of the dominant fracture plane area to obtain the early warning time and the risk grade of the ground pressure disaster; performing early warning on the time, the space and the grade of the groundpressure disaster according to the ground pressure risk grade. According to the early warning method, a plurality of indexes are used for performing early warning on the ground pressure disaster, so that early warning can be performed on the space, the time and the grade of the ground pressure disaster in time, and guidance is provided for disaster control.

The invention provides a rock weathering speed measurement method. The rock weathering speed measurement method comprises the steps of firstly discovering microscopic weathering characteristics in the initial rock weathering stage, namely the natural phenomenon that microcracks formed in fracture planes after rock failure continuously extend in rocks, and definitely defining the starting and stopping points and the starting and stopping time of the rock weathering. As for microscopic weathering characteristics, the rock weathering speed measurement method can carry out quantitative measurement on the width of the microcracks (namely, the rock weathering depth) by adopting a microscopic observation technology, a camera shooting technology and an image processing technology, and solves the technological problem that the microscopic weathering characteristics are invisible to the naked eyes. The rock weathering speed measurement method can record the rock cracking time by utilizing human activity events or geological events, determine the starting time of the weathering, and solve the technical problem that the weathering simulation time is hard to prolong to more than ten years. The rock weathering speed measurement method has the advantages of easiness in operation and accuracy in measurement results.

The invention, which belongs to the technical field of the micro-seismic characteristic analysis of the impact rock pressure, provides a micro-seismic identification method based on a coal petrography impact instability mode. The method comprises: step 1001, a plurality of microseismographs are arranged at different positions at a same stope to carry out micro-seismic monitoring and each microseismograph forms a micro-seismic signal record; step 1002, a plurality of micro-seismic waveforms are screened among the micro-seismic records monitored by the microseismographs; step 1003, on the basis of a focus far-field displacement calculation step, a focus far-field displacement value of each micro-seismic waveform is calculated; step 1004, calculation is carried out to obtain a focus moment tensor; step 1005, the focus moment tensor obtained by calculation at the step 1004 is decomposed; and step 1006, the focus moment tensor after decomposition at the step 1005 is analyzed to obtain a focus fracture mode, focus P and T axes, and focus fracture plane occurrence.

A process to fracture connecting rods and the like, that are made of high strength materials, comprises of the following mechanisms:(a) Fatigue: fluctuation of stresses in a pre-notched connecting rod due to the use of harmonic excitation will extend the notch tip in the connecting rod and will weaken the predetermined fracture plane by creating micro-cracks,(b) Resonance: resonance occurs when the frequency of the used harmonic excitation matches a natural frequency of the connecting rod, idealized as a structural system,(c) Pre-stressing forces: by applying pre-stressing forces acting in the same loading mode, the stresses in the connecting rod due to several force components can be superimposed,(d) Dynamic force: applying a dynamic force will raise the stress intensity factor, exceeding the fracture toughness of the material.

A method for separating a one-piece connecting rod into a cap and a rod includes forming diametrically opposed notches in the connecting rod bore to define a fracture plane that is substantially parallel to the bore central axis. One portion of the connecting rod is clamped to hold it substantially fixed with respect to the other portion of the connecting rod. An oscillatory load is applied to the other of the portions in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the fracture plane to develop fatigue cracks in the vicinity of the notches. The fatigue cracks are propagated through the connecting rod by the oscillatory load until the connecting rod is separated into the cap and the rod. An apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed.

Method for evaluating the fatigue strength of welded joints produced by melting an alloy using a specified welding technique, which method comprises the following steps:a statistically significant number N of specimens are produced with a welded joint using said welding technique;each of the specimens is subjected to cyclic fatigue tests, with an alternating stress a, until failure;the size of the relevant defect appearing in the fracture plane of the specimens is measured by fractography;a range of defect dimensions for which the probability of measuring by fractography a defect outside the range is less than a predetermined level of probability t is determined from the measured sizes; andthe lowest stress σmin liable to cause the specimen to fail with a level of probability t is determined from this range.

An improved single-fracture method and apparatus for determining the ambient stress state and material properties of underground media includes, in one aspect, an expandable probe having high-strength steel shells with longitudinally extending, tooth-like ridges to create a maximum friction engagement with the borehole boundary. The single fracture method establishes a force-balance between the probe expansion pressure and the underground stress vector acting perpendicular to the single fracture plane, whereby the expansion pressure and stress vector are related by a proportionality constant (n).

Method for optimizing the development of a fluid deposit using a fracture network grid constructed from a Voronoi diagram.Based on observations of the deposit a discrete fracture network is constructed in which each fracture is represented by an isotropic polygonal finite plane in terms of its dynamic properties, a plane comprising segments of intersection with other network fractures. A Voronoi diagram is constructed on each fracture plane by positioning Voronoi cell centers on the segments of intersection, and the transmissivities are calculated between centers of neighboring cells from the ratio between the surface area of the neighboring cells and the distance between the neighboring cells. The cells and transmissivities can then be used to construct an image of the fluid deposit. Finally, this image and a flow simulator are used to optimize the development of the fluid deposit.

An electrical switching device (1) which comprises at least one double breaking pole provided with two fixed contacts (3, 4) that cooperate with two moving contacts (5, 6) arranged so as to move in a breaking plane (P) and define, with every fixed contact, a breaking zone. The device comprises a permanent magnet (11, 12) housed in an insulating holder arranged in the immediate environment, next to each breaking zone, symmetrically with respect to the breaking plane and oriented so as to generate a magnetic excitation vector parallel to the breaking plane (P) so that the induced electromagnetic force (FE) moves and stretches every electric arc (E1, E2), generated when opening the electrical circuit, in a direction perpendicular to the breaking plane (P), leading to the extinction of the electric arc regardless of the polarity of the magnet and / or of the current.

The invention discloses a method for calculating soil pressure of limited soil. The method comprises the following steps: determining profile parameters of a foundation pit profile and limited soil, setting the included angle between a fracture plane of the limited soil and the horizontal direction, performing force analysis on a fractured slide body, obtaining the weight of the fractured slide body, establishing an equation set by utilizing known parameters according to static balance conditions in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, substituting an expression of soil pressure of the limited soil, deriving a shearing damage angle for soil pressure of the limited soil, enabling a derivative equation to be zero, obtaining a shearing damage angle value, reversely substituting the shearing damage angle value into the expression of soil pressure of limited soil, calculating a numerical value, namely soil pressure, generated on a surrounding structure, of every linear meter of limited soil. According to the method disclosed by the invention, values of beta angles are different, different limited soil boundary conditions are contained, stress characteristics of limited soil are sufficiently taken into consideration, and a fracture plane direction angle of limited soil is derived, so that active pressure, which conforms to reality, of limited soil is calculated, and therefore, the method has a very good popularization application value.