The invention relates to an in-situ mineralized bionic bone hydrogel composite material with an oriented structure as well as a preparation method and application thereof, which comprises a natural plant fiber template, natural polymer hydrogel directionally filled in the natural plant fiber template and hydroxyapatite directionally deposited in the natural plant fiber template. The hydrogel composite material has a three-dimensional porous structure and is anisotropic, which overcomes the problem of uneven distribution of hydroxyapatite particles in the hydrogel matrix; the material has super-strong tensile strength, compression strength, bending strength and toughness, and the mechanical properties are matched with those of hard bone tissues. The material is beneficial to induce pre-osteoblast adhesion and osteogenic differentiation, promote new bone growth, has good osseointegration and mechanical stability, and is suitable for large-area hard bone tissue repair; in addition, the material has adjustable surface activity, and fine adjustment and control of the structure and the surface can be achieved.