The invention discloses a straw light-weight energy-saving insulated building block and a method for producing the same. The method comprises the following steps: using broken straw segments processed by a surface modifier, high strength low-alkali cement, fly ash, superfine active mixed materials and the like as main raw materials; adding various additives such as a waterproof impermeable agent, a preservative, a high-efficiency water reducing agent, an excitant and the like and modified materials to the main raw materials, mixing all the materials evenly, and adding water to the mixture and blending the mixture evenly; molding, demolding and maintaining the mixture to mold the building block (a reinforcing rib of which the surface is provided with a plurality of transverse lug bosses), and coating cement waterproof fluid on the outside; and making protection layers on two sides of the building block with ordinary Portland cement, sand, slag, additives and water so as to obtain the straw light-weight energy-saving insulated building block. The straw light-weight energy-saving insulated building block has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good thermal insulation property, low water absorption rate, high freeze-melt resistance, fire prevention, water prevention, seepage prevention, insect and mouse damage prevention and the like, and saves 50 percent of energy for a single wall body material in the northern cold areas. Besides, the straw light-weight energy-saving insulated building block can be widely popularized and applied to the field of construction, in particular to the village and small town dwelling constructions in the northern cold areas.