The invention discloses a stand structure regulation and control method for improving the carbon sequestration capability of a masson pine forest, and the method comprises the steps: (1), selecting a sample land, determining the name of trees planted on the sample land, measuring the breast diameter and height of a single tree on the sample land, and recording the coordinates of the position of the single tree through an adjacent grid method; (2), calculating the stand structure indexes of the sample land according to the name of trees, the breast diameter, the tree height and the position coordinate data: a crown overlapping index, a health degree index, a mingling index, a stand ratio, a uniform angle index and a diameter class distribution q value, and calculating a cutting decision index; (3), determining a stand structure regulation and control mode to regulate and control the stand structure according to the stand structure indexes and the investigation factors of the sample land. The method can promote the construction of a high-efficiency forest land production system through the regulation and control of the stand structure, and also can promote the construction of a benign-cycle ecosystem. After regulation and control, compared with the fixed carbon content of a reference forest stand, the fixed carbon content of a forest stand in a unit area is improved by 10%-25%, and the forest stand has the remarkable economic benefits and ecological benefits, and is very good in application prospect.