The invention discloses a bevel gear-elliptical gear eccentric wheel rocking bar combined-type wide and narrow row spacing transplanting mechanism. In the prior art, seedling taking of a conventional seedling taking and transplanting integrated vegetable pot seedling transplanting mechanism is realized via direct clamping of seedlings, so that seedling roots are damaged; seedling taking and transplanting are realized via two mechanisms, and the mechanisms are complex. Each of the two ends of a center shaft of the bevel gear-elliptical gear eccentric wheel rocking bar combined-type wide and narrow row spacing transplanting mechanism is provided with a first-grade planetary gear train, and the two first-grade planetary gear trains are arranged to be symmetrically; the two ends of each first-grade planetary gear train is connected with a second-grade upper planetary gear train and a second-grade lower planetary gear train; each second-grade upper planetary gear train is provided with an upper transplanting arm, and each second-grade lower planetary gear train is provided with a lower transplanting arm; each first-grade planetary gear train comprises a first-grade gear case, a center elliptical gear, a first-grade upper planetary elliptical gear, a first-grade lower planetary elliptical gear, a first-grade upper planetary shaft, a first-grade lower planetary shaft, an upper eccentric wheel, an upper connecting rod, an upper rocking bar, a lower eccentric wheel, a lower connecting rod, and a lower rocking bar. The bevel gear-elliptical gear eccentric wheel rocking bar combined-type wide and narrow row spacing transplanting mechanism can be used for realizing in-pot soil-taking-type seedling taking, and in seedling taking period, translational motion of seedling claws is maintained, so that pot soil completeness is maintained as far as possible.