The invention discloses a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring method and monitoring system. The system comprises an automatic data acquisition system, a wireless remote transmission system,a computer cloud, an engineering project management center, a warning device and a post-processing system; the automatic data acquisition system comprises a sensor, a data acquisition device and a short-range wireless transmission and receiving device; the computer cloud includes a base station, a remote wireless transportation device and a server; the engineering project management center includes a data analysis processing system, a management center, a report center, and other processing systems; the computer cloud and the engineering project management center share data with each other; and after receiving warning information, the warning device issues an early warning of a corresponding level, and determines whether to send preventive measure information to the post-processing systemaccording to the warning level. With the tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring method and monitoring system of the invention adopted, all-weather, real-time continuous monitoring and early warning of the surrounding rock of a tunnel can be realized, the lives of construction workers can be prevented from being exposed to dangers, damage to mechanical equipment can be reduced, and accidents caused by the large deformation of the surrounding rock can be prevented advance.