326results about How to "Conducive to integrated design" patented technology

A small, reusable interceptor unmanned air vehicle (UAV), an avionics control system for the UAV, a design method for the UAV and a method for controlling the UAV, for interdiction of small scale air, water and ground threats. The UAV includes a high performance airframe with integrated weapon and avionics platforms. Design of the UAV first involves the selection of a suitable weapon, then the design of the interceptor airframe to achieve weapon aiming via airframe maneuvering. The UAV utilizes an avionics control system that is vehicle-centric and, as such, provides for a high degree of autonomous control of the UAV. A situational awareness processor has access to a suite of disparate sensors that provide data for intelligently (autonomously) carrying out various mission scenarios. A flight control processor operationally integrated with the situational awareness processor includes a pilot controller and an autopilot controller for flying and maneuvering the UAV.

The invention relates to a dismountable locking mechanism of a drawer slide rail and a side plate. The dismountable locking mechanism comprises a side plate, a bottom plate and a slide rail assembly used for opening and closing a drawer, wherein a front connecting element for connecting a front panel and a back connecting element for connecting a rear back plate are arranged on the side plate, a groove position for accommodating the bottom plate is arranged in the side plate, the bottom plate is arranged on the groove position and acts on a movable slide rail of the slide rail assembly, a dismountable locking mechanism is arranged between the side plate and the movable side rail, and the movable side rail is detachably connected with the side plate through the locking mechanism. The dismountable locking mechanism has the advantages that the groove position used for fixing the bottom plate is arranged in the side plate, the bottom plate directly acts on the movable slide rail after the assembly is completed, the drawer stress is more uniform, the work loss of each component is smaller, the service life is longer, the inner wall of the side plate is vertical, the thickness of the side plate is effectively reduced, the use space of the drawer is increased, in addition, the side plate and the movable side rail are detachably connected through the dismountable locking mechanism, the dismounting and the mounting of the side plate and the movable slide rail are fast and convenient, the manufacture and maintenance cost is low, the integral design of the drawer is favorably realized, and the drawer is tidier and more attractive.

The embodiment of the invention provides a shift register unit, a drive method, a shift register circuit and a display device, and relates to the field of manufacturing of the display. Output of two grid line signals can be achieved by one shift register unit, so that an integrated design of the circuit of a product is facilitated; and meanwhile, achievement of a narrow frame of the product is facilitated. The shift register unit comprises a first input module, a second input module, a first grid line drive signal module, a second grid line drive signal module, a pull-down module and a reset module. The embodiment of the invention is applied to manufacturing of the display.

The invention provides an internal waverider-derived hypersonic inlet based on arbitrary shockwave shape and a design method thereof. The structure of the internal waverider-derived hypersonic inlet comprises an inlet contraction section and an inlet insulation section; wherein the inlet contracting section is inward contracted in three-dimension; hypersonic velocity incoming flow forms irregular initial incident three-dimensional shockwave at the inlet; and the shockwave closes the three-dimensional inlet surface completely. The design method comprises the following steps: an internally contracted axisymmetric basic flow field used as a base is formed by the combination of ICFA flow field and partial Buesemann flow field; and after shapes of shockwave sections with different centers of curvature and directions of curvature are appointed, flown line tracing of the basic flow field with different centers and different radial positions is carried out on a plane in each circle of the hypersonic inlet to obtain the internal waverider-derived hypersonic inlet based on arbitrary shockwave shape. The internal waverider-derived hypersonic inlet and the method have the advantages of ensuring that the hypersonic inlet captures the incoming flow in full flow, increasing thrust force of an engine while reducing overflow resistance, improving pneumatic performance of an outlet of the hypersonic inlet, reducing windward external resistance of the hypersonic inlet, and improving starting performance of low-mach number of the hypersonic inlet.

A small, reusable interceptor unmanned air vehicle (UAV), an avionics control system for the UAV, a design method for the UAV and a method for controlling the UAV, for interdiction of small scale air, water and ground threats. The UAV includes a high performance airframe with integrated weapon and avionics platforms. Design of the UAV first involves the selection of a suitable weapon, then the design of the interceptor airframe to achieve weapon aiming via airframe maneuvering. The UAV utilizes an avionics control system that is vehicle-centric and, as such, provides for a high degree of autonomous control of the UAV. A situational awareness processor has access to a suite of disparate sensors that provide data for intelligently (autonomously) carrying out various mission scenarios. A flight control processor operationally integrated with the situational awareness processor includes a pilot controller and an autopilot controller for flying and maneuvering the UAV.

The invention relates to a flexible solid-state supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof. The flexible solid-state supercapacitor is characterized in that: an electrode comprises an active material, a conductive agent and a bonding agent, wherein the outer layer of the active material is wrapped with an ion-electron conduction polymer film; a membrane comprises a polymer electrolyte and fiber cloth supporting body; a current collector comprises a piece of carbon fiber cloth coated with a metal layer, and a conductive bonding agent; an encapsulation outer layer comprises a mixture consisting of 85 to 95 parts of polymer and 3 to 12 parts of nano clay and glass fiber; the composition ratio of the polymer to the nano clay and glass fiber is 2 to 1; and the polymer has the same or similar molecular structures as or with the polymer for an ornament in an automobile and can be integrated with the ornament / an energy storage unit in the automobile. The intensity of the flexible solid-state supercapacitor is improved, the contact resistance is reduced, and the ionic conductance rate is increased; furthermore, the chain flexibility of a polymer electrolyte base body is improved and diffuse transmission of ions is facilitated; moreover, the installation space for new energy and energy-saving automobiles is saved, the weight of the energy storage unit is reduced, and the flexible solid-state supercapacitor is safe and environment-friendly and is an ideal energy storage device for the new energy automobiles.

The present invention discloses an agricultural vehicle autonomous navigation steering control method which belongs to the agricultural mobile platform intelligent high-precision tracking control field and accords with the standards of modern agriculture and intelligent agriculture. The agricultural vehicle autonomous navigation steering control method based on the integer-order PD and fractional-order PD controllers aims at a time delay link objectively existing in an actual control system, adopts a conventional closed loop control mode, calculates the actual transverse deviation of an agricultural vehicle roughly by an open loop, corrects the transverse deviation in a closed loop manner, eliminates an accumulative error, and restrains a time delay parameter until tracking accurately, thereby realizing the complete control of the agricultural vehicle expected path tracking.

The invention provides a three-dimensional metamaterial decoupling structure used for a microstrip array antenna. The structure comprises a public grounding plate, a dielectric substrate on the public grounding plate, two rectangular radiation patches symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and two coaxial feed ports, wherein five three-dimensional metamaterial decoupling units are embedded in the portion, between the two rectangular radiation patches, in the dielectric substrate in a row. By embedding the five three-dimensional metamaterial decoupling units in a dielectric between microstrip antenna array elements, intercoupling between the microstrip antenna array elements is effectively reduced, and accordingly the isolation of an antenna array is improved.

The invention discloses an internal waverider-derived high supersonic inlet duct, the shapes of the inlet and outlet of which can be customized, and a design method thereof. The structure of the internal waverider-derived high supersonic inlet duct comprises an inlet duct contraction section and an isolated section, wherein the shape of the inlet duct contraction section is in three dimensional inward contraction. The design method is that a non-axisymmetric internal contraction basic flow field is taken as the base, the non-axisymmetric internal contraction basic flow field comprises an axisymmetric internal contraction rotary wall surface and a non-axisymmetric variable radius central body, wherein the axisymmetric internal contraction rotary wall surface keeps no changing, and the radius of the central body is adjustable. The invention has the advantages that the internal waverider-derived high supersonic inlet duct can capture the inflow by full flow and has low Mach number automatic overflow; the shapes of the inlet and the outlet can be customized according to the layout requirement, and the parallel module installation or the integrated design with various aircrafts can be easily realized.

The invention discloses a differential dual-band dual-polarized filtering antenna applied to a 5G Sub 6GHz base station system. The antenna comprises upper-layer and lower-layer dielectric substratesand four metal columns connecting the upper-layer and lower-layer dielectric substrates; the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a metal radiation patch, and a metal floor 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate and a metal feeder is printed on the lower surface of the same; the dual-band filtering property of the gain is acquired through slottingthe metal radiation patch and introducing a stepped impedance type open circuit branch knot into the metal feeder. The differential dual-band dual-polarized filtering antenna has the advantages of being simple in structure, easy to machine, relatively wide in resonant bandwidth within radiation band, relatively good in dual-band filter response, stable in gain and directional diagram, relativelylow in cross polarization, relatively high in port isolation, and easy to be integrated with the differential circuit. The differential dual-band dual-polarized filtering antenna can be applied to the5G Sub 6GHz base station communication system, and is particularly suitable for + / -45 degree dual-polarized base station antenna system of two bands: 3.3GHz-3.6GHz and 4.8GHz-5.0GHz.

The invention discloses a PCIE-based multi-channel data acquisition unit. By adopting a PCIE protocol, a feedback type enhanced phase lock loop and a pingpong buffer structure, the multi-channel high-rate data sampling, the clock synchronization among channels and the data transmission real-time property of each channel can be realized.

A low-frequency PWM-modulated signal and a high-frequency, unmodulated signal for generating a high-frequency PWM-modulated signal is employed directly for driving an output stage of a device for noise suppression. The low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal is advantageously provided by a microcontroller which already has an AD converter on the input side. The microcontroller furthermore already makes a PWM output signal with a high bit width available which has the high resolution necessary for driving the loudspeaker.

The invention discloses a bypass type passive double-throat pneumatic vector spraying pipe with a flow regulating function. A main flow channel in the spraying pipe sequentially comprises a first throat front convergence segment, a first throat, a second throat front expansion and convergence segment and a second throat. According to a body for achieving the flow regulating function of the bypass type passive double-throat pneumatic vector spraying pipe, a flow regulating channel is arranged between a bypass channel bevel and the second throat front expansion and convergence segment. The functions of flow regulation and thrust vector regulation in different work states of the spraying pipe are achieved at the same time through vertically-symmetric flow regulating switches capable of achieving stepless regulation. The spraying pipe is of urgent and great significance on efficient work and thrust vector regulation of an aircraft with the bypass type passive double-throat pneumatic vector spraying pipe in different work states.

The invention discloses a speaker device, which comprises a vibration system, a magnetic circuit system and an auxiliary system for accommodating and fixing the magnetic circuit system and the vibration system. The vibration system comprises a centring disk. The centring disk comprises a first fixing portion, a second fixing portion disposed in the first fixing portion, and a connecting arm connecting the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion. The center position of the second fixing portion is provided with a piezoelectric patch, the centring disk is provided with a first bonding pad corresponding to the piezoelectric patch, and the piezoelectric patch is connected electrically with the first bonding pad. The second fixing portion is provided with an antenna circuit. According to the invention, a signal produced by the piezoelectric patch can effectively improve the medium-high frequency effects of the speaker device and the acoustic performance of the speaker device; the antenna circuit combines an antenna device with the speaker device integrally; and the speaker device has the advantages of excellent acoustic performance, high integrated design and multiple functions.

The invention relates to a microstrip antenna array applied periodic spatial wave blocking and decoupling structure, which is used to reduce the coupling of array antennas and is realized through the loading of a periodic spatial wave blocking structure in the antenna array. The stereoscopic periodic spatial wave blocking structure is capable of reducing the coupling of the antenna array elements and increasing the separation of the antenna array. The structure comprises mainly a dielectric substrate 701, a commonly grounding plate 301, an antenna rectangular radiation patch 101 and an antenna rectangular radiation patch 102, a stereoscopic periodic spatial wave blocking structure 201, a patch 601, a grounding probe 501, and coaxially feed ports 401 and 402. The stereoscopic periodic spatial wave blocking structure designed by the invention cannot only effectively reduce the coupling in the antenna array, but also effectively increases the separation of the antenna array, and therefore, achieves the design of high-performance array antennas.

The invention discloses a device for measuring a Seebeck coefficient and a method of the device. The device comprises a main heater, an assistant heater, a first insulated thermal conductor, a second insulated thermal conductor, a first main probe, a first assistant probe, a second main probe, a second assistant probe, a first main thermocouple, a first assistant thermocouple, a second main thermocouple and a second assistant thermocouple; the first insulated thermal conductor and the second insulated thermal conductor are both used for carrying a sample to be measured; the first main probe, the first assistant probe, the second main probe and the second assistant probe are used for measuring the electric potential of the sample to be measured; the first main thermocouple, the first assistant thermocouple, the second main thermocouple and the second assistant thermocouple are used for measuring the temperature of the sample to be measured. The morphology of the measured sample can be flexible and diverse, the device can measure the material Seebeck coefficients under the different temperature conditions and is simple in structure, and due to the fact that the measurement method that an average value is resolved through multiple sets of the Seebeck coefficients which are resolved on the basis of the four probes is adopted, the measured Seebeck coefficient is high in measurement accuracy.

The invention discloses a thin film sensor array, which is characterized by comprising a plurality of concentric annular thin film sensors, wherein an entire monitoring area is covered by the formed thin film sensor array; each annular thin film sensor mainly comprises three layers of structures which are micron thick, i.e., an insulating supporting layer, a conductive sensing layer and an encapsulated protective layer from bottom to top, wherein the insulating supporting layer is formed on the surface of a substrate and is integrated with the substrate; the conductive sensing layer is of an annular structure. The thin film sensor array disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that potential monitoring is carried out on the thin film sensor array which is integrated with a metal structure accurately in crack initiation and expansion stages, thus realizing quantitative and real-time monitoring on a full process of structure fatigue crack expansion; the thin film sensor array easily realizes integrated design and integration with the metal structure and is widely applicable to real-time monitoring of typical metal structure. The thin film sensor array is high in sensitivity, adjustable in monitoring precision, wide in monitoring range, low in power consumption, free from signal conversion and high in comprehensive cost effectiveness.

The invention discloses a field effect transistor gas sensor and an array preparation method thereof. The field effect transistor (FET) gas sensor is a gate-sensitive FET gas sensor with a gate electrode modified by quantum dots, and a gate-sensitive electrode layer (5) of the FET gas sensor is of a two-layer composite structure or of a single-layer structure made of a composite material. The two-layer composite structure comprises a metal film layer and a quantum dot layer deposited on the surface of the metal film layer. The single-layer structure made of a composite material is specificallya single-layer structure made of a composite material formed by combining quantum dots and a metal or metalloid material. According to the invention, improvement is made on the internal composition and structure of the gate-sensitive FET, the corresponding preparation method and the like, quantum dots are used as a gate electrode and a gas sensitive layer at the same time, and the bias voltage ofthe gate electrode and the channel modulation effect are regulated and controlled by utilizing the adsorption characteristic of a quantum dot gate-sensitive electrode to different gases. A room-temperature gas sensor with high sensitivity, low power consumption and high selectivity can be obtained, and low-concentration target gases (such as H2) can be detected.

The invention discloses a large utility software system of the robotic application system solution integrated design and relates to robot design software development. User demands are used as input, through selection of existing products from a robot product database or direct application of custom-made robot prototypes made by users for combination, the optimal solution is obtained through optimization solution. The software system comprises eight design function modules and three auxiliary modules, the design function modules are used for completing specific design functions such as model selection, scheme combination and assessment emulation of the robotic application system, the auxiliary modules are responsible for the process control of the design, the self-evolution of the softwareand other tasks. In order to facilitate integrated design, the software system stores an existing robot product database, an industrial automation universal database containing operated objects, sensors and other auxiliary equipment, a robot control algorithms library, an optimization algorithms library and the like, users can make a selection directly, thus the technical threshold of designers are lowered.

The invention provides a measurement, control and data transmission integrated system for micro-nano satellites, which comprises a measurement, control and data transmission integrated module, a processor module and a load module, and is characterized in that the processor module sends satellite telemetry data to the measurement, control and data transmission integrated module and receives telemetry quantity acquisition data of the measurement, control and data transmission integrated module; the load module receives the upper injection data of the measurement, control and data transmission integrated module and returns load data to the measurement, control and data transmission integrated module; the measurement, control and data transmission integrated module comprises a to-the-sky transceiver module and a to-the-ground transceiver module. The independent design of multiple single machines of a traditional satellite measurement and control and data transmission subsystem is replaced,the functions of measurement and control, data transmission, storage and the like are integrated, the functions of measurement and control and data transmission are achieved at the same time throughthe same channel, miniaturization, integration and simplification design of microsatellites is facilitated, the application efficiency of a ground measurement and control network is improved. The method is a future satellite-ground communication development trend.

The invention discloses a linear compressor of an air conditioner and a refrigerator. The linear compressor of the air conditioner and the refrigerator comprises a shell and a compressing mechanism which is accommodated in the shell and fixed with the shell through a shell support. The compressing mechanism comprises a piston and a linear motor which drives the piston to move along an actuating shaft of the compressing mechanism. The compressing mechanism is connected with the shell through a dynamic balancer. The dynamic balancer comprises a rotor, a first elastic assembly which is connected with the rotor and the actuating shaft and a second elastic assembly which is connected with the rotor and the shell support. According to the linear compressor of the air conditioner and the refrigerator, vibration of the compressor is greatly reduced, and vibration output is zero under a theoretical condition. In addition, the method that the outer side of the rotor of the dynamic balancer is connected with the first elastic assembly and the inner side of the rotor of the dynamic balancer is connected with the second elastic assembly enables the dynamic balancer to be compact in structure, convenient to install and easy to debug.

The invention discloses a Q-band superspeed wireless local area network indoor access antenna which comprises a radiating element and a feeder line part. The radiating element and the feeder line part are printed on a same medium substrate through the printed circuit technology. The radiating element is formed by printed umbrella-shaped symmetrical dipoles and a printed guide unit, the substrate is used for integrating a waveguide to achieve differential feed, an inductive window structure is loaded to achieve broadband impedance matching, and mutual connection with an external circuit can be achieved through the antenna mode by adopting a coplanar waveguide changeover structure or a substrate integrated waveguide changeover structure. Considering the requirements of the new generation Q-band superspeed wireless local area network standard and the related millimeter wave indoor communication system standard 802.11aj (45GHz), the access antenna which is provided with a wide working band (42.4-48.5 GHz), and wide beam coverage larger than or equal to 120 degrees in a main tangent plane and is capable of being integrated with a plane active millimeter wave circuit is achieved through the printed circuit technology.

The invention provides a system and method for analyzing and controlling coupled dynamic characteristics of a robot. The analysis and control system comprises a computer, wherein a modeling module B1 and an analysis module B2 are arranged in a computer C; and a signal analysis system B5, a detection module B4 and a control module B3 are arranged between the computer C and the robot. According to the method, coupling factors existing in the robot system can be considered, the analysis result precision of the dynamic characteristics is high, and the problems of errors, even mistakes, caused by neglecting of the coupling factors can be effectively solved. Meanwhile, feedback control of the coupled dynamic characteristics of the system can be realized, and comprehensive analysis and integrated design of the robot system can be facilitated. The system disclosed by the invention is based on system modularization and is easy to realize and simple in operation, the complicated theoretical modeling calculation process is avoided, the analysis difficulty is reduced, and the problem that errors are easily caused due to lots of calculations and solutions can be effectively solved.

The invention relates to a membrane for a flexible solid super capacitor and a preparation method thereof. The membrane comprises a fiber support body and a polymer electrolyte, wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer matrix, an electrolyte and an additive. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: evenly mixing the polymer matrix, the electrolyte with the additive according to mass ratio to prepare polymer electrolyte slurry; coating the polymer electrolyte slurry onto a fiber sheet by utilizing a blade coating method, and drying to obtain the membrane for the flexible solid super capacitor, wherein the thickness of the membrane is 30-120mum. As the support body, the fiber sheet forms a structure and function integrated membrane with the attached polymer electrolyte, thus, the weight of an energy storage unit is reduced; the strength of the flexible solid super capacitor can be improved; the membrane for the flexible solid super capacitor is beneficial to the integrated design of automobile interior trim parts; current-carrying ions are provided by the polymer electrolyte; the energy storage function of the device is met; new energy automobile assembly space are saved; and the membrane for the flexible solid super capacitor is safe and environmentally friendly.

The invention discloses a satellite-borne integrated electronic system, comprising: a backplane, wherein the backplane is provided with an interconnected electric interface and a communication interface between other modules; A power module for converting a primary power source of the spacecraft into a secondary power source required by an integrated electronic interior, wherein the power module is connected with the backplane through a connector to provide a secondary power source and an internal low-speed bus; a Satellite service computer module which realizes the scheduling and management of the integrated electronic system tasks, is connected with the backplane through a connector, realizes the internal low-speed bus connection, transmits various instruction data to other modules in the system through the internal low-speed bus, and receives various information data of other modules; and a high-speed bus switch module, wherein a high-speed bus is directly connected between the satellite service computer module and the high-speed bus switch module to transmit large flow data of the integrated electronic system to the high-speed bus switch module.

The related drive circuit for back light adjustment comprises; a voltage conversion circuit, a control circuit generating control signal, a system controller, a feedback circuit obtaining working voltage from the voltage conversion circuit and conversing into the feedback signal for last circuit, and a reference voltage conversion circuit receiving and conversing control signal into reference voltage. This invention reduces cost, and has well integration level.

The invention discloses a light sensing circuit and a driving method thereof, a display panel and a display device, belonging to the technical field of display. The light sensing circuit comprises that: the gate of a first transistor is electrically connected to a first control terminal, the first pole is electrically connected to a first voltage terminal, and the second pole is electrically connected to a first node; the gate of a second transistor is electrically connected to the first node, the first pole is electrically connected to a second voltage terminal, and the second pole is electrically connected to the first pole of a third transistor; the gate of the third transistor is electrically connected to a second control terminal, and the second pole is electrically connected to a data line; the gate of a fourth transistor is electrically connected to a third control terminal, the first pole is coupled to the first node, and the second pole is electrically connected to a third voltage terminal; the first transistor and the fourth transistor comprise active layers formed of metal oxide, and the fourth transistor is multiplexed into a light sensing element; and the second transistor and the third transistor comprise active layers formed of polysilicon. Compared with the prior art, the invention is advantageous to reduce the process steps and thin the display panel.

The invention discloses a directional diagram reconfigurable planar array antenna based on digital coding representation and a control method thereof. The array antenna comprises a coaxial connector,a dielectric substrate, a metal ground located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and a metal pattern located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The metal pattern comprises a coding unit patch, a series-parallel hybrid feed network patch and a two-way power divider patch. The series-parallel hybrid feed network patch comprises a first main feed line and a second main feed line which are connected in parallel. Wherein the first main feeder line and the second main feeder line are axially divided into four series feeder lines, each series feeder line is symmetricallydistributed on two sides of the first main feeder line or the second main feeder line, two ends of each series feeder line are respectively connected with a coding unit patch, and the first main feeder line and the second main feeder line are connected with the coaxial connector through a two-way power divider patch. The antenna has the advantages of low profile, light weight, high gain, real-time switching of radiation wave beams and shapes and the like, and has a wide application prospect.

A connecting structure for a drawer basket and slide rails comprises the drawer basket, fixed slide rails and drawable rails glidingly arranged on the fixed slide rails, wherein the drawer basket is detachably arranged on the drawable rails; front connecting devices are arranged on the drawer basket and / or at front ends of the drawable rails; each front connecting device comprises a positioning unit, a clamping unit and an adjusting assembly; the positioning units are connected onto the drawable rails in an inserted manner, at least left-and-right limitation of the positioning units and the drawable rails is realized, the clamping units are connected onto the drawable rails in a buckled manner, at least front-and-back limitation of the clamping units and the drawable rails is realized, the drawer basket is supported on the drawable rails and fixed with the adjusting assemblies through fastening units, and at least up-and-down limitation of the drawer basket relative to the adjusting assemblies and / or the drawable rails is realized; the adjusting assemblies are driven by tools or manually, so that the adjusting assemblies move transversely relative to the positioning units and the clamping units, the horizontal position of the drawer basket is adjusted relative to the front connecting devices and / or the drawable rails, and the practicability is high.

The present invention relates to a concrete load-bearing wall with compound heat-insulating layer. Said load-bearing wall includes wall body and connecting beam. In the wall body of external wall two layers of prefabricated heat-insulating concrete wall bodies are set, said prefabricated heat-insulating concrete wall body is a concrete plate whose external surface is covered with heat-insulating material, every layer of prefabricated heat-insulating concrete wall body is composed of several trough-type or L-shaped prefabricated heat-insulating concrete wall body units. Besides, said invention also provides the concrete assembly and construction method and steps of said compound heat-insulating concrete load-bearing wall.