The invention provides a marble lock cylinder and a lockset provided with the same. Types of parts constituting the marble lock cylinder are reduced, processing is simple, and assembly is simple. Meanwhile, management is convenient, and safety of using areas is improved. The marble lock cylinder comprises a lock cylinder shell, a rotary core and more than one lock pin, wherein the rotary core is arranged inside the inner cavity of the lock cylinder through a transmission method. One end portion of the lock cylinder shell is provided with a key outlet, the rotary core comprises more than one lock pin installation hole, the lock pin is arranged inside the lock pin installation hole through a method that longitudinal reciprocating motion is convenient, a rotary core locking device is further arranged inside the inner cavity of the lock cylinder shell, and the rotary core locking device is arranged inside a transverse through hole of the side wall of the rotary core through a method that transverse reciprocating motion is convenient. The transverse through hole is communicated with the lock pin installation hole, when the lock pin moves to the opening position of the rotary core locking device longitudinally, the lock cylinder can rotate inside the inner cavity of the lock cylinder shell, when the lock pin is separated from the opening position of the rotary core locking device, the rotary core is fixed inside the inner cavity of the lock core.