The invention belongs to the technical field of financial security authentic identification and identification, and discloses an anti-counterfeiting bill authentic identification system and method based on multispectral image. The method comprises the steps: carrying out the image collection of an anti-counterfeiting bill through an image collection module, and obtaining anti-counterfeiting bill images under different spectrums; preprocessing the acquired bill images, wherein preprocessing includes color compensation, geometric correction, filtering and noise reduction; extracting anti-counterfeiting features from the infrared and ultraviolet images, and fusing multiple features to judge the authenticity of the anti-counterfeiting bill; and detecting a text area on the white light image, and recognizing bill face text information, wherein the bill face text information comprises bill types, affiliated organizations, bill numbers, accounts and money amounts. According to the invention,bill authentic identification is carried out by using a multi-mode multi-feature fusion mode, so that the authentic identification accuracy and reliability are improved; and the detail information ofthe anti-counterfeiting mark can be captured, and accurate matching of the feature points is achieved. Moreover, the matching speed is high, and the requirement of real-time performance of online detection can be met.