The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating proteinuria, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-20 parts of silkworm cocoon shells, 1-20 parts of corn silk, 0-20 parts of astragalus, 0-20 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 0-20 parts of Chuanxiong ~20 servings. In addition, the invention also discloses the application of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the preparation of medicines and health care products for preventing and treating proteinuria. Animal experiments and clinical experiments have shown that the present invention has good safety and good curative effect, and can reduce diabetic nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, primary nephritis, IgA nephropathy, purpura nephritis, lupus nephritis, hypertensive nephropathy, gouty nephropathy, etc. Proteinuria caused by different etiologies such as kidney disease, chronic renal failure, chronic nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, lupus nephritis, and urinary tract infection. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is effective in improving clinical symptoms, has little toxic and side effects, has good clinical application prospects, and has a simple extraction process, is easy to prepare, and reduces the preparation cost.