The invention relates to alkyl pyrazine dobesilate monohydrate compounds or their hydrates having formula (I), wherein R is C1-C5 alkyl, a is an integer of 1-5, b is an integer of 1-4, m and n are identical or different, the preparing process is also disclosed. The medicament can be used for the preventing and treating blood capillary pathology of diabetic retina, kidney, peripheral nerve and skin pruritus, and for preventing and treating angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebral embolism, lacuna brain infarction, brain thrombogenesis and brain blood supply insufficiency.