The invention provides a descending linkage self-adjusting annular cutting structure. The descending linkage self-adjusting annular cutting structure comprises an orientation shaft, a telescopic sleeve ring, a truss plate, longitudinal rods, a positioning disc, driving sliding wires, bulges, driven sliding wires, connection openings, driving rods, cutting heads, first driven parts, pressing grooves and second driven parts, wherein the inside of the positioning disc is movably connected with the longitudinal rods; the upper end and the lower end of each longitudinal rod are fixedly connected with a first driven part and a cutting head; when the driven sliding wires are engaged with the driving sliding wires, the overall descending distance of the telescopic sleeve ring is less than the descending distance of the longitudinal rods when the first driven parts are in contact with the pressing grooves. According to the descending linkage self-adjusting annular cutting structure, the overalltelescopic sleeve ring is controlled to move up and down through occlusal contact between threaded sliding wires, so that shrinkage of each group of longitudinal rods is controlled; when the device is used, the device is more flexible and convenient to control; meanwhile, the device is also capable of carrying out operation procedure of reciprocating up and down; the device is more practical; thedevice does not need to be manually controlled and is capable of automatically drawing and withdrawing cutters.