The invention relates to a three-dimensional printer, a three-dimensional printing head and a printing method. The three-dimensional printing head comprises a material volume cavity, wherein a screw rod is arranged in the material volume cavity, a motor is connected with the screw rod, a material supply device is communicated with the material volume cavity, a printing nozzle is arranged on the end part of the material volume cavity, a heater is arranged on the material volume cavity and positioned between the material supply device and the printing nozzle, and a supercritical fluid supply system is communicated with the material volume cavity. A molten printing material is mixed with supercritical fluid to generate a single-phase molten mixture under the mixing and stirring effect of the screw rod, and a uniform microporous bubble formation effect is formed, so that the density value of a printing object can be reduced, the size deviation of the three-dimensional printing object can be alleviated, the flatness and straightness of the three-dimensional printing object can be improved by more than 50 percent, the temperature for printing the molten printing material is effectively lowered, the energy is saved, and the operation personnel is prevented from being scalded.