A fast clock recovery system with a large dynamic range based on a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator, the clock recovery system is placed before a carrier synchronization loop, and includes: an analog-to-digital conversion ADC, a shaping filter, a timing error detector TED, Loop filter LF, control signal generator CSG, voltage controlled crystal oscillator VCXO, among which TED calculates the phase detection error signal P value according to the output data of the shaping filter, and then performs two consecutive phase detection error signal P values. Differential processing, multiply the multiplication factor and the differential processing result, and send the multiplication result to the loop filter LF until the sampling frequency offset is captured, and finally send the phase detection error signal P value to the loop filter LF to achieve Sampling frequency offset tracking. After continuous correction of the loop, the oscillation frequency of the VCXO is finally locked with the sampling clock of the transmitter to realize clock recovery. The invention has the advantages of wide dynamic range and fast clock recovery.