The invention relates to a method for synchronously realizing seismic lithofacies identification and
quantitative assessment of uncertainty of the seismic lithofacies identification. The method comprises the steps of determining the type of the lithofacies and performing
logging lithofacies definition, establishing a rock physical response relation between
logging physical parameters and elasticity, establishing a probability
statistical relation between the lithofacies and
logging attributes, establishing the probability
statistical relation of well-seismic scale elasticity parameters and constructing the
statistical relation of the lithofacies and the seismic scale elasticity parameters, inverting the information of the probability distribution of the elasticity parameters of a target layer, obtaining the lithofacies probability information of the target layer by combining the inverted probability information of the elasticity parameters of the target layer and the statistical relation of the lithofacies and the seismic scale elasticity parameters, obtaining the maximum
posterior probability solution of the lithofacies distribution according to the probability information of the lithofacies and outputting final
model parameters. The method is capable of quantitatively characterizing the uncertainty of each link of lithofacies identification and the propagation and accumulation characteristics of the uncertainty in the lithofacies identification process, and also capable of performing
uncertainty analysis on the seismic lithofacies identification; as a result, the
reservoir evaluation risk is reduced; in short, the method is wide in application range.