The invention discloses a remote sensing image missing data restoration method based on a standard remote sensing image, and the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps: firstly, correcting a spectral value of a reference remote sensing image without missing data to a spectral value of a to-be-restored remote sensing image under an illumination condition, and constructing the standard remote sensing image; respectively constructing local windows by taking the missing data pixels in the remote sensing image to be repaired and the same coordinate pixels in the standard remote sensing image as centers; performing spectral classification in a standard remote sensing image window, and determining and recording the position (x, y) of a pixel most similar to the spectrum ofthe central pixel in the window and the ratio Ki of spectral values of the pixel to the central pixel on each waveband; in the window of the remote sensing image to be repaired, dividing the spectralvalue of the pixel at the same position (x, y) by Ki to fill the missing spectral value of the central pixel of the window. According to the method, the calculation amount is reduced, the influence of image spectral distortion caused by different sun illumination on the pixel classification precision is overcome, and the method has the advantages of being high in restoration precision and small in calculation amount.