The invention provides an X-ray source for medical testing and a mobile CT (computer tomography) scanner. The X-ray source for medical testing comprises an X-ray tube and a high voltage generator, wherein the X-ray tube comprises an anode, a cold cathode, a grid and a tube shell; the tube shell is used for supporting the anode, the cold cathode and the grid, and enabling a vacuum working environment of the anode, the cold cathode and the grid to be insulated from the outside world, and the anode is grounded; and the high voltage generator is used for providing a first electric field between the cold cathode and the grid so as to enable the cold cathode to emit electrons in a field mode, and providing a second electric field between the grid and the anode so as to accelerate the electrons emitted by the cold cathode, thereby enabling the electrons to bombard X-rays generated by the anode. The X-ray source provided by the invention can realize high-frequency pulse transmission of electron beams easily, and is high in response speed, long in service life and high in security, that is, the overall performance of the X-ray source is improved, thereby being better meeting practical application requirements such as medical testing and the like.