The invention belongs to the technical field of medical biology, and discloses an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma early screening marker based on metabonomics and a kit thereof. The marker for screening the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, provided by the invention, is at least one of N-o-tolueneglycine, D-sorbitol and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, and a detection reagent of the marker can be used for preparing a product for screening the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The invention also provides a kit for screening esophageal squamous carcinoma. The kit contains a detection reagent for detecting the marker. According to the kit, the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, especially the early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, can be effectively detected by detecting the expression levels of N-o-tolueneglycine, D-sorbitol and N-o-tolueneglycine in human serum; and when the three markers are combined, the detection sensitivity reaches up to 92.2%, the specificity reaches 98.0%, and the kit can be used for large-scale screening of asymptomatic crowds in high-incidence areas of esophageal squamous carcinoma and is beneficial to screening and early discovery of asymptomatic high-risk crowds.