The invention relates to a vertical drilling device for a roof of a steel skeleton composite building. The device comprises a driving motor, a fixing end, a drill bit, a fixing frame, handles, positioning supporting rods, supporting springs, vertical positioning mechanisms and sealing mechanisms, wherein the output shaft end of the driving motor is provided with the fixing end, one end of the fixing end is provided with the drill bit, the fixing frame is fixedly installed at a shell of the driving motor through bolts, the handles are symmetrically installed at the two ends of the fixing frame, the positioning supporting rods are symmetrically welded to the upper end face of the fixing frame, one ends of the vertical positioning mechanisms are connected with the positioning supporting rods, the outer walls of the two positioning supporting rods are both sleeved with the supporting springs, the sealing mechanisms are arranged on the inner walls of the vertical positioning mechanisms, and a shaft hole is formed in the center of one end face of the shell of the driving motor. According to the device, the vertical drilling requirements of roofs with different angles can be met, the sealing mechanisms are arranged, waste chips generated during drilling are effectively prevented from falling onto operators, and the practicability is higher.