The invention relates to a spectral efficiency-priority anycast routing resource reconfiguration method based on an elastic optical network. According to an anycast request, multiple blocking rate optimal optical paths for the anycast are calculated, a first-fit method is used for distributing optical path spectrum blocks, and the blocking rate optimal optical paths are ranked according to a spectral efficiency priority criterion; then, whether an optical path destination node with the highest blocking rate optimal frequency efficiency of the anycast is a non-renewable energy power supply data center is judged, if yes, the blocking rate optimal optical path is preserved for the anycast request, an energy consumption optimal optical path with the second highest spectral efficiency connected with a renewable energy power supply data center is calculated for the anycast request, and a last-fit spectrum distribution mode is used for distributing spectrum blocks, and if not, spectrum distribution conflict is judged to happen between the optical path and energy consumption optimal optical paths of other anycasts, the conflicted anycast energy consumption optimal optical path is reconfigured to the preserved blocking rate optmial optical path for transmission, and while the low blocking rate for the anycast service is ensured, the purpose of energy-saving anycast transmission can be achieved.