The invention relates to a multi-degree-of-freedom surgical instrument with independently moving forceps blades and an end effector. The technical problems that an existing surgical instrument end effector is poor in flexibility, two forceps blades move at the same time, the opening and closing flexibility of the forceps blades is limited, and meanwhile the surgical types are limited are solved. The end effector comprises the first forceps blade, the second forceps blade, a supporting base, a pitching ring, a first driving wheel, a first driving gear, a second driving wheel, a second driving gear, a first driven gear, a second driven gear, a center shaft, a rotating shaft, a first wire guide wheel, a second wire guide wheel, a third wire guide wheel, a first steel wire rope, a second steel wire rope, a third steel wire rope and a fourth steel wire rope. The multi-degree-of-freedom surgical instrument is widely applied to the technical field of minimally invasive surgery robots.