The present invention relates generally to compositions, formulations, and methods for
immunotherapy and
drug delivery, including the treatment of eye diseases such as dry
eye disease (DED). In particular, the present invention relates to methods of producing exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) and, optionally, loading said exosomes with one or more bioactive substances. The exosomes may be loaded using
electroporation with one or more bioactive substances such as proteins, miRNAs, and / or siRNA. In specific embodiments, the exosomes, and / or one or more biological compounds derived from the exosomes, may be provided to an individual in need thereof, including as part of one or more compositions containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The individual in need thereof may be an individual having a
medical disorder such as DED, immune disorders,
cancer, and other disorders. Therefore, the compositions containing MSCs can be used for topical application to the eye. The compositions can contain MSCs, MSC-Exos, one or more MSC-derived biological compounds (e.g., growth factors, proteins, etc.).