93 results about "Land degradation" patented technology

The invention discloses a construction method for ecological restoration of riparian vegetation of mountain rivers. The method includes the following steps: (1), for restoration of aquatic vegetation, dispersedly planting potamogetonaceae and hydrocharitaceae submerged plants high in washing-out resistance in a project region; (2) for restoration of riverway rock and boulder vegetation, planting wetland plants strong in washing-out resistance in rock and boulder regions and the like in a riverway in the project region; (3) for restoration of waterfront plants, planting emerging plants and aquatic plants with washing-out resistance and deep roots between the riparian normal water level and the two-year flood level in the projection region; (4) for restoration of riparian vegetation, planting waterlogging-tolerance trees and shrubs of juglandaceae, betulaceae and the like between the two-year flood level and the 20-year flood level in the project region, and planting gramineae and cyperaceae herbaceous plants with deep roots in ground covers. By the method, the ecological problems about riparian water and soil erosion, weak river's self-purification capacity, sharp decline in biodiversity and the like are solved effectively, feasible and effective ecological remediation measures are provided for natural restoration and reconstruction of river banks and riverways.

The invention relates to a setting method for hydro-fluctuation belt plants of ecological bank protection, and belongs to the technical field of ecological bank protection and greening. According to the setting method for the hydro-fluctuation belt plants of the ecological bank protection, existing ecological bank protection technologies are synthesized, plants which are frequently used, spread widely and are strong in flood resistance ability are screened out through experiments, ecological remediation is carried out on hydro-fluctuation belt bank slopes which are luxuriant in summer, withered in winter, high in water level difference and long in flooding stress by analyzing the growth rhythm, the growth characteristic and the tolerance of the plants and combining the engineering technology, the purposes of recovering the ecology of a hydro-fluctuation belt, beautifying landscapes and reducing water and soil loss are achieved, the ecological remediation effect is good, green recovering speed is high, and the application range is wide.

The invention relates to a crop planting technology, in particular to the planting technology for planting big rear crops in semiarid rain-fed agricultural region with high altitude but small annual rainfall. The technology of the invention is that: ditching and ploughing ridge in the leveled field, sowing seeds in side the ridge ditch after covering the ridge ditch and a ridgr platform with a mulching film. The invention, for forming the ridge platform covered by the mulching film outside the sewing ditch, can function as a water collecting surface to fully collect the rainwater and enable it flow into the ditch, thus can effectively collect rainwater and protection moisture in the soil, namely can largely reduce water loss and soil erosion as well as vaporization of moisture and sufficiently utilize the limit rainwater resource at the same time.

The present invention relates to a restoration method of a degraded ecosystem in hilly areas of Funiu Mountain in Western Henan Province in the technical field of ecological restoration. The restoration method comprises the following steps of selecting appropriate tree species, shrubs and grass species, reasonably performing structure configuration, and effectively restoring the ecosystem in a short time. According to the restoration method, regional vegetation coverage rate is improved by 20-40%, water and soil erosion is reduced by more than 30%, and soil nutrient accumulation is increased by 8-10%. The forest and grass ecosystem is reasonable in structure. Through screening and optimizing, a robinetinidin & medicago sativa and quercus variabilis & medicago sativa artificial forest and grass community structure mode which is high in water and soil conservation benefit is established, economic benefit per unit field area is increased by more than 25%, nitrogen fertilizer application mount is saved by 20%, and net income of farmers is improved by more than 15%. Ecological environment and climate in the experimental areas are largely improved.

The invention discloses a soil-fixation and slope-protection method by planting vetiver grass, belonging to a planting method of vegetation and aiming to provide a method for administering hungriness areas by utilizing the property of the vetiver grass and planting vetiver grass in the surface of bare hills and lands, man made side slopes, tailing areas, and the like. The technique proposal comprises the following steps: sorting out fields, digging plant grooves, filling in nutrient soil, cutting, dipping in root, wrapping slurry, making vegetation pocket seedlings, transplanting the vegetation pocket seedlings and then maintaining. The method has the advantages of improving the survival rate of the vetiver grass by about 30%, having good effect in preventing water loss and soil erosion, fixing soil and protecting slopes, and effectively improving geomorphologic landscape; the method can be widely used for revegetation in bare hills and lands, hungriness areas and hammada areas of the karst region, fixing slopes and greening of man made side slopes, and administering earth surface of tailing areas, etc.

The invention relates to an ecological planting method for himalayan teasel roots and belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal crop and agriculture planting. The ecological planting method for the himalayan teasel roots provided by the invention comprises the following steps: inter-planting the himalayan teasel roots in an economic forest of walnuts, Chinese chestnuts, pears, peaches and cherries, and performing field management according to a corresponding planting technology. According to the ecological planting method, the advantage of complementation of the himalayan teasel roots and the space ecological niche of the economic forest is fully utilized, the harm caused by weeds and insect pests is reduced, the usage of pesticides is reduced, the quality of the himalayan teasel roots and the use ratio of land are increased, the income is increased, the ecological environment of the economic forest is improved, the growth and development of economic trees are boosted, the soil erosion in the forest land is reduced, and the economic and ecological benefits are excellent.

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural resources and environment, in particular to a dynamic evaluation and warning system for regional ecological environment. Through the dynamic monitoring and evaluation on the regional land degradation and the design of division warning system, the dynamic evaluation and warning system can scientifically, completely and dynamically describe the space-time evolution of regional agricultural resources and environment, which comprises the establishment of an index system, the determination of indexes ordering, the calculation of index weight and the development of effect testing software; dynamic and quantitative simulation to land degradation is carried out according to time sequence, while the division warning to regional land degradation is carried out according to geographical space. The invention can not only trace the evolution path of resources and environment, but also reveal the future evolution trend of regional land degradation in every period and every region to find out regional difference and limiting factor of land degradation and put forward resources optimal allocation model of sustainable development and countermeasure of sustainable development on regional agriculture.

The invention develops and establishes a water and soil loss monitoring and early warning system with a forecast function. A water and soil loss early warning model is established on the basis of an efficiency coefficient method, various variates can be considered to integrally forecast a water and soil loss ditch, water content of soil and rainfall can be set into the value of a next time t1, the situation of water and soil loss can be forecasted ahead of time, dangers can be forecasted ahead of time, a user has enough response time to handle the dangers, and particularly, debris flow risks caused by water and soil loss can be avoided and relieved when in continuous heavy rain weather.

The invention discloses an industrial fast breeding method for white tea. The method comprises the following process routes: preparing a greenhouse and a net house; preparing a water planting box and a foam plate; preparing a nutrient solution; collecting fringes, cutting fringes and inserting fringes; sterilizing the cutting surface of the tea fringes and processing the cutting surface of the tea fringes with hormone; planting the tea fringes in water in the greenhouse to form calluses; adding nutrient soil; putting the calluses into a dish; sticking the calluses; culturing the calluses in the net house to take roots; hardening the seedlings; and packaging the grown seedlings for sales. Because the technical requirement in the implementation and the demonstration of the technical scheme is high, the modern technical means and installation construction are adopted, which is exactly matched with the principles of environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. Compared with the traditional wide area breeding method, the method avoids the loss of soil and water and the damage of the ecological environment. The industrial fast breeding method for white tea seedlings with high quality has the advantages of big unit area breeding capability, a few occupied land, good social effect, economic effect and environmental protection effect, shortens the breeding period by 30-40%, improves the qualification rate of the tea seedlings, saves the land resource and protects the environment.

The present invention relates to a method for optimizing the topography and the geomorphology of a dump in a large opencast coal mine in the loess area. The method comprises: "soft base removal", "base gully filling", "smooth base blasting treatment", "base piling for skid resistance", "fan-shaped disposal and layered compaction", and other steps. According to the method provided by the present invention, based on the simulation of the original "plateau" geomorphology millions years ago in the loess plateau, the artificial landmine terraces mode of the traditional sloping land in the water and soil erosion area in the Loess Plateau are changed; and relying on the convenient conditions of the mining and moving soil, the large-scale earthwork is used to deploy and form the basin geomorphology to co-ordinate the hydrological topography, and micro-topography modification is used to reduce the generation of the surface runoff, so that under the premise of ensuring the stability of the dump, the geomorphology of the dump in the large opencast coal mine in the loess area is restored to the "plateau" geomorphology, and the foundation is provided for the restoration of ecosystems and biological diversity.

The invention discloses a control system of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds. The control system comprises hedgerows, grass ditches, multilayer percolation ponds and denitrification walls, wherein the hedgerows are planted along terrace edges on a sloping field and used for wind prevention and sand fixation and water and soil erosion prevention; the grass ditches are excavated along lower edges of the sloping field and are further used for sediment precipitation and reserved water reuse; the multilayer percolation ponds are arranged between natural water areas and the grass ditches and in parallel with the grass ditches and used for absorbing phosphorus and nitrogen in water overflowing from the grass ditches; and the denitrification walls are arranged outside the natural water areas and on convergence paths of shallow surface water and used for denitrificating nitrate nitrogen in the shallow surface water into nitrogen. According to the control system and a technology of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds, technologies of the hedgerows, grass ditches, multilayer percolation ponds and denitrification walls are combined, and simultaneously, a same surface runoff of non-point source pollution is processed differently in different periods in an actual application process, so that processing loads can be reduced, and nutrient substances and water resources can be recycled.

The invention discloses a land degradation response unit-oriented high-spectrum land degradation information extracting method, which comprises three processes of image pre-processing and spatial characteristic cognition, spatial object cognition, and spatial mode cognition and information mining. The method comprises the following steps: pre-treating a high-spectrum image; integrating multi-source data of high-spectrum remote sensing image, soil, vegetation, basic geographic information, geoscience knowledge, field survey information and the like to divide a land degradation response unit based on degraded land spectrum characteristic analysis and spectrum response analysis; synthesizing information of spectrum, texture, shape, spatial relationship and the like to extract the characteristics of the land degradation response unit; and performing multi-dimensional classification of land degradation types by adopting a land degradation response unit-oriented image analyzing method based on a fuzzy model and an ANN model under the guidance of a geographic knowledge base and a rule base so as to evaluate the land degradation and extract the land degradation information. The method solves the problem that an evaluation unit in the traditional land degradation remote sensing monitoring and evaluating method is difficult to determine, and can quickly acquire the land degradation information.

The invention discloses a high-yield anti-fruit-cracking cultivation method for jujube, which includes selection of a proper land, closely spaced planting, dwarfing, grafting of an improved variety, covering with a greenhouse, reasonable fertilization, pesticide use with caution, and manual fruit picking. Sloping fields in hilly areas are modified into terraced fields for planting jujube trees to form a first defensive line for controlling loss of water and soil, and jujube forests are planted in a closely spaced manner and dwarfed to facilitate fruit picking and covering with plastic films for preventing autumn rain and fruit cracking. A greenhouse framework used in the method is fixed and is covered with a plastic film only on the top and the upper middle of the greenhouse framework only in rain days, sunlight and temperature difference are more sufficient than those of planting using the greenhouse only, air ventilation is facilitated, accumulation of natural nutrients is facilitated, and the one-off investment is capable of serving for a plurality of years. The method is simple in operation and easy in popularization.

The invention provides a management method of rocky land degradation. Geotextiles and geocells are utilized in a composite mode and accordingly the geotextiles and the geocells can be directly applied to the soil and water conservation of the rocky desertification area so as to create conditions for the large area of afforestation and vegetation is planted in the geocells to rebuild an ecological system so as to solidify stone and conserve water from the source and prevent the expansion of the desertification. According to the management method of the rocky land degradation, the good effect on the management in the rocky desertification area can be achieved through once implementation, the soil and water conservation can be effectively achieved, the conditions required by the vegetation and protection forest growth can be effectively improved, vast rock desert resources in China can be effectively utilized, and the rocky desertification land management cost is saved.

The invention discloses a high-space remote sensing estimation method for soil organic carbon density in a desertification region, by optimizing main model parameters in a soil organic carbon densityestimation process, and fusing the advantage of high spatial resolution of GF-1WFV data and the advantage of high temporal resolution of MODIS data, high-space (16m) and high-precision estimation of the organic carbon density of the soil in the desertification region are realized; and by utilizing remote sensing techniques, the problem of soil organic carbon density scale extrapolation can be wellsolved; the spatial heterogeneity of the organic carbon density distribution of the soil in the sand can be reflected more finely; possibility is provided for multi-scale soil respiration long-term quantitative estimation, scientific data reference is provided for land degradation monitoring and evaluation of desertification areas and implementation work of desertification control engineering, and the application capacity of domestic remote sensing data is improved.

The invention provides an agriculture and animal husbandry crisscross region barrow-band multiband type protection forest combining configuration method for the land degradation and water and soil loss caused by the climatic environment characteristics of an agriculture and animal husbandry crisscross region, such as ground surface inclination, drought, frequent gale, loess-shaped soil parent materials, sierozem soil, low organic matter content, barren and thin soil and unreasonable exploitation of soil. The method carries out protection forest combining configuration layout on the agriculture and animal husbandry crisscross region with fragile ecology and frequent natural disasters, reasonably utilizes soil resources, perfects a protection forest matching system and obtains mass protection benefits. A plurality of repeated protection forest combining configuration constructing technical tests suitable for local tree variety selection and different site conditions are carried out by a multi-subject analyzing method and a multi-subject analyzing technical approach.

The invention discloses a method for repairing a reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt by use of bermuda grass. The method comprises steps of firstly investigating and screening plants on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt of the Baihua lake so as to screen out plants capable of growing on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt; then carrying out indoor and outdoor simulation experiments for the bermuda grass so as to detect adaptability of the bermuda grass to the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, and determining that the bermuda grass can be planted on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt; and at last, cultivating the bermuda grass on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt and performing ecological repairing on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt. In this way, via systematical research, it is found that the bermuda grass is capable of growing on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt which has been soaked in water and exposed to water for a long time, and with certain biomass, the bermuda grass can largely protect landscape ecology of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt and preventing water and soil loss.

The invention relates to a set of evaluation systems for a land degradation degree. At present, the existing land degradation evaluation method has poor operability and practicality and quantitative and visual land degradation degree data can not be formed. According to the invention, the provided evaluation index system aims at collecting land degradation evaluation indexes by applying a generalized induction method to construct a preset index set of land degradation. Experts engaged in research of land degradation are employed; on the basis of the natural condition, the social situation and the land quality in Xinjiang, the preset index set is screened by employing a Delphi method and the structure of the index system as well as weights of all indexes are determined, so that a land degradation evaluation index system of Xinjiang is constructed. And the land degradation degree of Xinjiang is evaluated based on 11 farmland and non-farmland evaluation indexes including vegetation coverage, a land occupation rate of saline alkaline spots, drainage density, landform, a soil texture, a treatment engineering measure, annual precipitation, a crop yield descent rate, gradient, poverty, a treatment engineering measure, and a cultivation measure.

The invention provides a deep-hole cave SAP resin mixed nutritive soil base guide root system arid land tree planting technology which is composed of an SAP resin mixed nutritive soil base, a meshed cloth bag, a deep-hole cave, a nursery stock and a plastic covering membrane, and is characterized in that after the deep-hole cave SAP which is dug by a special tool and deep to an extent of reaching an underground wet soil layer is filled with the SAP resin mixed nutritive soil base or mellow soil,water is then poured and the nursery stock is planted. Compared with the prior art, the deep-hole cave SAP resin mixed nutritive soil base guide root system arid land tree planting technology has the advantages that earth surface soil structures and original plants are rarely changed and damaged, long-term water absorption and reservation are achieved, development and growth of a root system is beneficially guided to a deep layer and the like, has special functions to green plants in such special areas with drought, little rain, dry surfaces layer and easy soil erosion, and therefore has good promotion and use value.

The invention provides a vegetation vertical structure optimizing method for improving an ecological function of a south soil erosion badland. The method includes the following steps of screening thespecies, wherein the restoration species suitable for the south soil erosion badland is screened out according to the species screening principle by comprehensively analyzing the common species for restoring different soil erosion badland vegetations in a south typical soil erosion area and the planting mode; collaborating the species, wherein the proper species on an aboveground crown layer and underground root system vertical structure of the south soil erosion badland with different soil parent materials are collaborated in the restoration species according to the ecological site principleby collecting the species compositions in an early succession stage of an area slope ecological system in combination with the biological properties of the restoration species; conducting reasonable establishment, wherein a plant colony of a tree and bush vertical structure is established according to the collaborated proper species. By means of the method, the soil structure and nutrient state can be improved, the restoration of the earth surface vegetation of the soil erosion badland is promoted, and the ecological function of the south soil erosion badland is rapidly improved.

The invention discloses a method and system for evaluating a land degradation condition by fusing multi-source remote sensing indexes. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a remote sensing image and carrying out image preprocessing according to the actual condition of a research area; carrying out the land utilization and land coverage classification on the preprocessed remote sensing image, and recoding different land types according to the influence on land degradation from small to large; extracting a vegetation coverage degree, a water and soil loss degree, a soil water content and a land wind erosion degree from the preprocessed remote sensing image; after data standardization is carried out on the image data of the five indexes, superposing the images, constructing acomprehensive land degradation index, and carrying out the function calculation; outputting a calculation result of the land degeneration degree according to the comprehensive land degeneration index, and grading the land degeneration condition according to the comprehensive land degeneration index. The comprehensive land degradation index is obtained by integrating the plurality of indexes, so that the land degradation condition is quickly identified from the remote sensing image.

The invention discloses a rapid greening method for slope collapse of a southern water loss and soil erosion region. The method comprises: applying a neyraudia reynaudiana rapid greening technology to greening management of a slope collapse overhanging cliff; and changing habitat conditions of a slope collapse region to accelerate the invasion and proliferation of dicranopteris pedata local grass seeds, so as to accelerate rapid formation of vegetation communities of the slope collapse region. The rapid greening method utilizes the advantages of advantageous southern hydrothermal conditions and strong vegetation ecological restoration capabilities for the first time; the bad habitat conditions of the slope collapse region are changed to accelerate the invasion and proliferation of the dicranopteris pedata local grass seeds, so that the rapid formation of the vegetation communities of the slope collapse region is accelerated; earth surface runoff scouring is effectively controlled and the aim of stopping or relieving collapse of a slope collapse cliff wall is realized; and the rapid greening method has unique innovativeness in a management mode.

The invention relates to an importance analysis method of soil erosion influence factors based on random forest. Firstly, the soil erosion grade situation and corresponding attributes of the researcharea are obtained, and then the obtained data are randomly sampled by equal amount according to different erosion grades. Then, taking the sampled points as the analysis data set, the optimal parameters of two stochastic forest models, mtry and ntree, which represent the number of nodes randomly sampled when building decision tree branches, are determined by the method of ergodic comparison. Then,based on the optimal parameter solution, the optimal stochastic forest model was constructed, and two indexes to measure the importance of variable factors were calculated by using the out-of-bag data. Finally, the importance of each variable factor is determined by reordering the mean precision reduction value MDA and mean impurity reduction value MDG. The invention solves the problem that the soil erosion influence factor lacks the importance defining standard.

The invention provides an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil losses and a construction method. The ecological restoration system sequentially comprises a base layer, a waterproof layer, a lower net hanging layer, a reinforcing layer, a soil layer, a covering layer, an upper net hanging layer and a vegetation layer from bottom to top, and the ecological restoration system is in a stepped shape on the whole. According to the ecological restoration system for preventing the water and soil losses and the construction method, the unique layered structure is adopted, the problems that the water and soil losses are brought about by a rigid structure in traditional embankment engineering, construction cost is high and transportation is inconvenient are solved, and a bettersolution is provided for the problem that a flexible structure cannot keep the landscape effect easily for a long time. Meanwhile, a unique engaged and hollowed structure is designed for brickwork ofthe reinforcing layer, embedding of ecological geobags is combined, stability of the embankment structure is guaranteed, the effect of preventing the water and soil losses is achieved and a good growing carrier is provided for plants. In addition, resource utilization of collected surface earth and stone as well as waste like plant roots, stems and leaves, riverway sludge, livestock excrements and industrial dregs in various industries is realized, and economic benefits and social benefits are good.

For many years, China calls for 'planting trees and greening barren mountains', great achievements are made, but desired aims are far from achievement, and people still have a long way to go. Water shortage is the reason, water is not retained when it rains in a mountainous area, water and soil randomly lose in a heavy rain and are collected into a torrential flood seizing opportunities to go down, facilities such as downstream farmlands and buildings are harmed, human life and property loss is caused, the life is hard in the mountainous area due to water shortage, the water is cherished as gold, harvest depends on weather in farming, economic development is slow, and a 'wild jujube flower project' is brewed after years of observation and thinking according to the present situation and aims to retain rainfall resources, green the barren mountains, develop the economy and improve environments. The technical scheme includes that a plurality of dams are built at gully and slope rainfall collecting positions among mountain peaks from top to bottom, the water is firstly stopped and then flows into pits at two ends of each dam, the water is retained, all things grow by the aid of the soil and the water, so that the barren mountains can be full of vitality, can turn green and can be richened, formation of the torrential flood can be stopped from the source, and downstream flood prevention pressure is relieved.