The invention discloses an automatic obstacle crossing system of a crawler-type transformer substation inspection robot and an automatic obstacle crossing control method. The system comprises a mobilerobot body, a sensing system, a communication system, a control system, a pan-tilt system, a lighting system, an automatic charging system and an alarm system, wherein the sensing system, the controlsystem, the communication system, the lighting system and the alarm system are installed on the robot body; the pan-tilt system is arranged on the mobile robot system; information transmission is conducted between the sensing system and an industrial control computer, and information transmission is conducted between a movement control system and the industrial control computer. The robot can becharged by using the automatic charging system, the signal obtained by the sensing system is transmitted to the industrial control computer for analysis and processing, surrounding obstacle information is identified, analyzed and processed, then the industrial control computer sends a signal to the control system and other various assist systems, automatic obstacle crossing of the transformer substation inspection robot can be achieved, and meanwhile, the conditions of devices in a transformer substation can be monitored.