The invention relates to a minitype wheel/caterpillar structure-variable mobile-search reconnaissance robot, which mainly comprises a case, road wheels, an electric motor, an interconversion mechanism that can carry out mobile interconversion between the wheel type and caterpillar type, an elastic caterpillar, a running gear, a reconnaissance device, a mobile driving mechanism, a self-locking mechanism and a robot case, wherein, the rear part of the robot case is provided with a universal wheel, the robot case and the reconnaissance device are connected through a live shaft to form a robot. The robot has the characteristics of both the quick movement of a wheel type mobile robot and good through-obstacle capability of a caterpillar type mobile robot, namely that the robot adopts the wheel type movement to get fast-moving performance under good ground condition, and can change the motion mode of the motion mechanism into the caterpillar type movement that has favorable through-obstacle capability under poor ground conditions such as meeting with obstacles, stairway or non-hard road surface.