The invention discloses a polysubstituted 2-pyrrolopyridine derivative. The derivative has a structure shown in a formula in the specification, wherein in the formula, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are selected from any one of hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, acyl, amino, nitro and alkoxy. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the polysubstituted 2-pyrrolopyridine derivative. The polysubstituted 2-pyrrolopyridine derivative shown in the formula is obtained at high yield after completing heating reaction of N-propargyl enaminone in a solvent in the presence of appropriate alkali. The polysubstituted 2-pyrrolopyridine derivative and the preparation method have the beneficial effects that the reaction conditions are mild; the reaction time is short; the range of substrates is wide; the reaction specificity is strong; the yield is high; aftertreatment is simple and convenient to carry out.