37 results about "Oligodendrocyte differentiation" patented technology

Described is the efficient and robust generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The protocols provided recapitulate the major steps of oligodendrocyte differentiation, from neural stem cells to OLIG2⁺ progenitors, and then to 04⁺ OPCs, in a significantly shorter time than the 120-150 days required by previous protocols. Furthermore, 04+ OPCs are able to differentiate into MBP⁺ mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, and to myelinate axons in vivo when injected into immuno-compromised Shiverer mice, providing proof of concept that transplantation of PSC-derived cells for remyelination is technically feasible.

Adult neural stem cells differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the mammalian CNS, but the molecular mechanisms that control their differentiation are not yet well understood. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) can promote the differentiation of cells already committed to an oligodendroglial lineage during development. However, it is unclear whether IGF-I affects multipotent neural stem cells. Here we show that IGF-I stimulates the differentiation of multipotent adult rat hippocampus-derived neural progenitor cells into oligodendrocytes. Modeling analysis indicates that the actions of IGF-I are instructive. Oligodendrocyte differentiation by IGF-I appears to be mediated through an inhibition of BMP signaling. Furthermore, overexpression of IGF-I in the hippocampus leads to an increase in oligodendrocyte markers. These data demonstrate the existence of a single molecule, IGF-I, that can influence the fate choice of multipotent adult neural progenitor cells to an oligodendroglial lineage.

The invention relates to methods and reagents for promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocytes from stem cells, by co-activating the Olig genes and the Nkx2.2 genes, and the use of the differentiated oligodendrocytes thus obtained in treating diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The invention also relates to the use of OLPs and oligodendrocytes thus obtained for drug screening.

The invention discloses a method for preparing tissue engineering spinal cords by using mesenchymal stem cells derived from dermis, which comprises the following steps of 1) separating dMSCs, and carrying out passage on the dMSCs so as to obtain dMSCs primary cells; 2) moving the dMSCs primary cells obtained through separating to an amplification culture medium so as to carry out amplification; and 3) dropwise adding an engineering spinal cord saturated water solution into a physiological saline solution containing deep nerve nutriments, retinoic acid and Neuregulin, standing the obtained mixture, carrying out gradient alcohol dehydration on the mixture, and carrying out vacuum drying on the mixture; and infecting the dMSCs subjected to amplification by using a brain-derived neurenergen adenovirus expression vector, and inoculating cells to an engineering spinal cord material for culturing. In the method, tissue engineering spinal cords can effectively promote cell proliferation; and the differentiation rates of the tissue engineering spinal cords to nerve cells and oligodendroglia cells are respectively about 4.8% and 1.5% which are far higher than those of pure scaffold materials (the differentiation rates of pure scaffold materials to nerve cells and oligodendroglia cells are respectively 1.8% and 0.5%).

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a method for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells into oligodendrocytes, a kit and application. The method comprises the step of culturing stem cells by using at least one of the following culture media of a nerve induction complete culture medium, an N2 culture medium, a B27 culture medium and an OPC mature culture medium, and more preferably, the number of the oligodendrocytes induced by using the puerarin-containing OPC mature culture medium can be increased by 30% compared with the number of the oligodendrocytes induced by not using puerarin.

The invention provides methods of treating diseases, disorsers or injuries involving demyelination and dysmyelination, including multiple sclerosis, by the administration of a Sema6A polypeptide.

Micropillar arrays for assaying differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes, ensheathment, and/or wrapping of the micropillars by the oligodendrocytes is provided. Also provided herein are methods of using the micropillar arrays for screening of candidate agents that promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes, ensheathment, and/or wrapping of the micropillars by the oligodendrocytes. A system comprising micropillar arrays and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are also provided.

The present invention is generally in the field of neurological diseases and disorders, particular in the field of neurodegenerative diseases in which the myelin cover of nerves is lost. IL6R/IL6 chimera is used to promote the formation of oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or posttraumatic nerve damage.

Endogenous Sp35 is a negative regulator for neuronal survival, axon regeneration, oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Molecules that block endogenous Sp35 function, such anti-Sp35 antibodies can be used as therapeutics for the treatment of neuron and oligodendrocyte dysfunction. The present invention provides antibodies specific for Sp35, and methods of using such antibodies as antagonists of endogenous Sp35 function. The invention further provides specific hybridoma and phage library-derived monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, and vectors and host cells comprising these antibodies. The invention further provides methods of promoting oligodendrocyte survival and myelination in a vertebrate, comprising administering to a vertebrate in need of such treatment an effective amount of an anti-Sp35 antibody.

The invention relates to an application of a compound D-erythro-Sphingosine (DES) in a central nervous system. During the multiple sclerosis disease course, many inhibitory factors are generated in disintegrated axon myelin. These inhibitory factors inhibit differentiation and maturation and remyelination of newborn oligodendrocytes. It proves through results of compound screening that DES can relieve inhibition of myelin debris on differentiation and maturation of newborn oligodendrocytes and promote recovery of EAE demyelination mouse athletic ability. Thus, it prompts that the compound can be used for treating demyelination disease of the central nervous system.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a tissue engineering spinal cord by using ancestral cells originated from skin. The method comprises the following steps: 1) separating SKPs, and passing to obtain SKPs primary cells; 2) immigrating the SKPs primary cells separated to an amplification culture medium for amplification; and 3) preparing the tissue engineering spinal cord, and dropwise adding saturated aqueous liquor of a tissue engineering spinal cord material to physiological saline liquor containing Neurotrophin-3(NT3), retinoic acid and Neuregulin; infecting the amplified SKPs by a brain-derived neurenergen adenovirus expression vector, and inoculating the cells to the tissue engineering spinal cord material to cultivate. In the method disclosed by the invention, the tissue engineering spinal cord can effectively promote cell proliferation, and the differentiating proportions of the tissue engineering spinal cord toward nerve cells and oligodendroglia cells are about 4.8% and 1.5% which are far greater than 1.8% and 0.5% of a pure support material.

The invention comprises the administration of a remyelinating agent to treat a demyelinating condition, such as MS. Disclosed are various remyelinating compositions which promote remyelination, oligodendrocyte differentiation, and the treatment of demyelinating conditions such as MS. In one aspect, the remyelinating compositions are selective estrogen receptor modulators with remyelinating properties. In one aspect, the remyelinating compositions are agonists of GPR56, a G-protein coupled receptor which has not previously been identified as an effector of remyelination.

Disclosed is the use of (+)-2-borneol in the preparation of a drug for promoting the upregulation of the expression of sphingosine kinase-1 and/or BDNF (a brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Herein, (+)-2-borneol can be used to prepare a drug for promoting the upregulation of the expression of the sphingosine kinase-1 and/or the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The drug can induce astrocyte spreading and migration, oligodendrocyte differentiation and survival, and neurite growth and nerve regeneration, and can promote the upregulation of the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, promote the survival of neurons and the growth of axons, inhibit the expansion of the infarct volume, and achieve the effect of repairing damage at the site of an immediate injury while preventing further expansion of the infarct area to completely treat brain damage, so that the long-term therapeutic effect thereof is significantly improved.

The present invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, including but not limited to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, in which demyelination, (the loss of the myelin sheath that insulates the nerves) is an associated or causative feature. The data provided demonstrate the utility of the compounds and compositions according to this invention to promote oligodendrogenesis and myelination or remyelination.

Described is the efficient and robust generation and isolation of functional astrocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The methodology provided recapitulate the major steps of oligodendrocyte differentiation into mixed cell populations and subsequent isolation of astrocytes from the mixed cell populations.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of oligodendroglia cells. The provided regimen reproduces the major step of oligodendrocyte differentiation in a time that is significantly shorter than 75-95 days required for previous regimens. The NSC differentiation is induced through a cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2, and the induction of OLIG2 + OPC is promoted. The WIN-derived OLIG2 + progenitor cells are differentiated into PDGFR alpha + OPCs, have high mobility, and can be further differentiated into mature OL with strong myelination ability. When the WIN-derived OPC is transplanted to a diseased region, the athletic ability of a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse is significantly improved from the second week after transplantation. Immunostaining results show that the WIN-derived OPC can be differentiated into mature OL, so that damaged axons are myelinated. The method and the product disclosed by the invention are widely applied to the field of cell therapy, and particularly have a remarkable treatment effect on spinal cord injury.

A method of generating human mature oligodendrocytes is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a cell population which comprises human pre-oligodendrocytes with an inhibitor of the MAPK/ERK pathway under conditions that allow the pre-oligodendrocytes to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. Use of the MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitor for treating diseases is also disclosed.