The invention provides a medical screening item establishing method and a screening item establishing system. The system comprises a database and at least one user terminal, and further comprises a screening item calculation module. The disease screening establishing method (medical screening item establishing method) sequentially comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a database, wherein screening items with corresponding discriminant conditions are saved in the database; S2, establishing archival information of instances, and obtaining the discriminant conditions according to the contents of the archival information; S3, associating the corresponding screening items in the database according to the discriminant conditions in the S2. According to the system and the method, an optimal disease screening scheme can be recommended for patients according to information of the patients, such as age, gender, past medical history, family medical history, all previous examination conditions, and the like, so that the cost effectiveness of physical examination and disease screening is maximized.