The invention relates to a quick three-dimensional shape measurement method without phase unwrapping based on Fourier transform, and the method enables the technology of binocular stereo matching to be employed in the three-dimensional shape measurement based on Fourier transform, avoids a complex process of phase unwrapping, does not need projection calibration, and can achieve a matching result with the sub-pixel level precision. The technology of binocular stereo matching is used for achieving rough matching, and a preliminary disparity map is obtained. Afterwards, the preliminary disparity map serves as a constraint condition and is used for the phase matching of a wrapped phase diagram obtained through Fourier transform. Finally, a three-dimensional point cloud diagram is generated. The method does not need any process of phase unwrapping in space or time, reduces the algorithm complexity, and avoids an error caused by the phase unwrapping. The method does not need projector calibration, avoids complex projector calibration, can enable a measurement process to be more simplified, also can avoid an error caused by the projector calibration, and is good in development prospect especially for the technology of quick three-dimensional measurement.