The invention discloses a fast detection method of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image targets under strong sea clutter. The method comprises: S1, adopting a regional block dividing strategy to divide a large-scene SAR image into a plurality of sub-block SAR images; S2, acquiring target-clutter contrast-enhanced sub-block coherence images, which correspond to the sub-block SAR images, on the basis of sub-aperture coherence processing; S3. screening out target sub-block coherence images containing the targets and corresponding target sub-block SAR images on the basis of significance of the sub-block coherence images, and using the same as candidate target sub-block images; S4, carrying out fine target detection on the candidate target sub-block images, wherein fine target detection includes detecting low-scattering target pixels for the target sub-block coherence images, detecting target detail contours for the target sub-block SAR images, and fusing two detection results; and S5, removing false alarms for a fine target detection result, and carrying out regional merging to obtain a final target detection result. According to the method, the targets which are in the sea-surface large-scene SAR image and of complex structures and low scattering intensity can be detected, a detection rate is high, a false-alarm rate is low, self-adaptability is high, and a calculation speed is fast.