The invention discloses a portable sugarcane peeling machine. The portable sugarcane peeling machine comprises a connecting shell, a top shell, peeling machine shells, chains, slide grooves, first mounting holes, an open groove, connectors, second mounting holes, first gears, first connecting shafts, baffles, curve-surface peelers, first hinge pins, objective blocks, a plate with cones and slide shafts and is characterized in that the top shell is fixed to the top of the connecting shell through screws, the peeling machine shells are fixed to two sides of the bottom of the top shell through screws, one end of each peeling machine shell is connected with the connecting shell, the center of each peeling machine shell is provided with a slide groove, and one slide shaft is nested into each slide groove. The portable sugarcane peeling machine has the advantages that the peeling machine is simple in structure and convenient to operate, a motor rotates to drive the chains and special chain knots to rotate so as to allow the curve-surface peelers to contact with a sugarcane to achieve sugarcane peeling, a traditional manual peeling manner is abandoned, thorough peeling is achieved, time and manpower are saved, work efficiency is increased greatly, and processing and production are facilitated.