The invention relates to the technical field of bridge earthquake prevention, in particular to a friction and gravity energy dissipation type bridge anti-seismic check block and a construction methodthereof. The friction and gravity energy dissipation type bridge anti-seismic check block comprises a steel bottom plate, a steel cover, a groove steel block, a small steel checkblock, a steel check block, a steel ball, a transverse spring, a vertical spring, a thick and heavy pulley, a steel corbel web plate, a steel corbel bottom plate, a steel corbel top plate, a steel corbel side plate, a steel corbel bolt, a steel baffle web plate, a steel baffle top plate, a steel baffle side plate and a steel baffle bolt. In the case of earthquake occurrence, earthquake energy is converted into pulley gravitational potential energy to achieve the effect of reducing the earthquake energy on a bridge; internal components generate friction force and consume earthquake energy during movement; meanwhile,earthquake energy can be buffered through the arrangement of the steel springs, so that the problem that the bridge body moves can be relieved, even the possibility of collision between the bridge bodies is reduced, the bridge can be well protected, and harm to the bridge when an earthquake occurs is reduced.