The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas filtration, in particular to aerobic composting waste gas filtration equipment and method. The aerobic composting waste gas filtration equipment comprises a filtration module, a placement module is arranged on one side of the filtration module, the filtration module comprises a shell, the bottom of the side face of the shell communicates with a gas inlet pipe, and the top of the side face of the shell communicates with an exhaust pipe; three filtering frames are slidably connected to the side face of the shell at equal intervals, filtering elements are arranged in the filtering frames, and two clamping rods are fixedly connected to the positions, corresponding to the three filtering frames, of the two side faces of the shell correspondingly. The side surface of the placing frame is in sliding connection with the clamping rod, so that a new filter element can be placed in an additional matched filter frame, then the new filter frame extrudes an old filter frame from one side, and the old filter frame is extruded into the placing frame, so that the new filter element is replaced, and the replacement of the filter element is relatively simple; the filtering equipment does not need to be stopped, and the replacement efficiency is improved and the use is convenient.