Disclosed are a prefabricated thermal insulating composite panel (1), an assembly thereof, a moulded panel and a concrete slab comprising the same, and a method and a mould profile (50) for prefabricating the same. The prefabricated composite thermal insulating panel (1) comprises: two reinforcing protective layers (7) of an inorganic noncombustible material, a core (9) formed by a thermal insulating material, a frame (2) with installation grooves (13) surrounding the core (9) and being secured onto the core (9), with the core (9) being placed between the two reinforcing protective layers (7). The prefabricated thermal insulating composite panel (1) has the inorganic noncombustible material incorporated onto the outside of the core (9) of the thermal insulating material to have it covered, so as to solve the problem of the tendency of causing a fire, during the placement of the thermal insulating panels at a construction site or other places, or during the transportation or installation of the same, due to the combustible material thereof being exposed.