The invention discloses a balanced display method for a flat-plate X-ray image. The method includes the following steps of firstly, inputting an original image, segmenting the original image into a plurality of regions according to the differences of pixel point grey values so as to generate a mask image; secondly, reading in the original image and the mask image, sequentially conducting noise estimation, gain estimation and local contrast ratio estimation, and synthesizing the estimation results into algorithm parameters; thirdly, conducting Laplacian pyramid decomposition on the original image to obtain a residual error image, sequentially conducting gamma conversion and histogram conversion on the residual error image according to the algorithm parameters obtained in the second step, and then conducting Laplacian pyramid composition to generate an intermediate image; fourthly, constructing an adjustment curve, mapping the intermediate image into a result image according to the adjustment curve, calculating the optimized window width value and the optimized window position value, and displaying the result image on a display. By means of the balanced display method, target characteristics, at different scales, in the image can be effectively enhanced, and automatic optimal balanced display is achieved for the image.