The invention belongs to the technical field of medical image processing, and relates to a pathological image analysis method based on deformation representation learning. The method comprises the following step that: a self-supervised deformation representation learning model is constructed, wherein the self-supervised deformation representation learning model is used for pathological image analysis and then used for classification and segmentation of a pathological image, wherein the learning model comprises a deformation module, a local heterogeneous feature sensing module and a global homogeneous feature sensing module, wherein the deformation module is used for performing elastic deformation operation on the image, the local heterogeneous feature sensing module is used for learning structural difference information caused by deformation of a local area in the image, and the module comprises a feature extractor network, a multi-scale feature network and a discriminator network. and the global homogeneous feature sensing module is used for realizing the learning process of the network on the global features of the pathological image. According to the method, the capability of extracting local structural features can be learned without marking data, and the global semantic information of the pathological image can be learned; compared with the best self-supervised learning method at present, the method of the invention is greatly improved in performance.