The present invention belongs to the aerial vehicle positioning, tracking and identification technical field and relates to a passive positioning and identification system for civil unmanned aerial vehicles. The system is composed of three parts, namely, a passive radar, a signal detection and receiving part and a fusion processing part. According to the passive positioning and identification system for the civil unmanned aerial vehicles of the present invention, the passive radar is adopted to detect and position an unmanned aerial vehicle at a low altitude and a low velocity; since the passive radar has a good capability of detecting small targets at low altitudes and low velocities, and therefore, a good unmanned aerial vehicle detection effect can be realized; since the characteristicsof different types of unmanned aerial vehicle remote control and telemetry signals have large differences, so that an unmanned aerial vehicle remote control and telemetry signal detection and receiving analysis method can be adopted to identify unmanned aerial vehicles; the passive radar is adopted to guide the system of remote control and telemetry signal detection and receiving, and therefore,a signal detection and receiving acting distance can be prolonged, and the complexity and cost of signal detection and receiving can be improved; and during work, the entire system does not need to radiate out signals, and therefore, the system is free of electromagnetic pollution and environmentally friendly.