718 results about "Clerestory" patented technology

The invention discloses a construction method applicable to an intersection between an inclined shaft and a slant hole of a weak surrounding rock tunnel, and the method comprises the following steps that (1) the inclined shaft is dug; (2) the arch part of an inclined shaft section is supported; (3) the vertical central line of a face at the intersection between the inclined shaft and the slant hole serves as a boundary, first a slant hole section on one side of the boundary is dug, and sectional digging is adopted on every side; an area which is enclosed by the arch top of the slant hole, the side walls of the slant hole on both sides and the extended surface of the ramp slope surface of the inclined shaft is a I part; an area which is enclosed by the plane of the intersection line of the ramp slope surface on an inclined shaft digging surface, the side walls of the slant hole on both sides and the extended surface of the ramp slope surface of the inclined shaft is a II part; and an area which is enclosed by the plane of the intersection line of the ramp slope surface on the inclined shaft digging surface, the side walls of the slant hole on both sides and the bottom of the slant hole is a III part; the slant hole section on the other side is dug in a sectional way; (4) supporting and reinforcement are carried out; and (5) inverted arch and lining construction are carried out. According to the method, the deformation of surrounding rock is reduced, some temporary supporting steps are saved on the premise of good safety, so that the procedures are simple, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction progress is improved.

The invention discloses a construction method of a bilateral biased small-clear distance tunnel, which comprises the following steps of: 1) preparing for construction; 2) constructing a tunnel portal; 3) adopting a reserved core soil method to construct tunnel entry portal sections, wherein a biased deep-buried side master cave is firstly constructed, and then, a tunnel shallow-buried side mastercave is constructed; 4) adopting a bench cut method to excavate a middle communication section of the tunnel; and 5) adopting a reserved core soil method to construct tunnel exit portal sections, wherein the distance between heading faces of the left and right caves of the tunnel is controlled to be 20-30m in the construction process from the tunnel entry portal sections to the exit portal sections; and carrying out secondary lining construction on the left and right caves of the tunnel from front to back. The invention has the advantages of reasonable design, compact construction steps and convenient construction process, can effectively control the ground subsidence, the vault settlement of the left and right caves, the inter-cave border convergence and the deformation and stress of themiddle rock pillar, reduces the construction hazard, saves the project cost, ensures the stability of the wall rock of the tunnel and the middle rock pillar, and lowers the construction risk of the bilateral biased small-clear distance tunnel.

The invention discloses a treatment method for fault fracture zone collapse in the tunnel construction process. The method includes the steps that firstly, arch reinforcement is conducted on every two adjacent surrounding rocks in a collapse segment; secondly, a collapse body is removed, and concrete is jetted to the collapse tunnel face after the collapse body is removed to close the collapse segment; thirdly, a lifting jack acts on the four corners of each bottom of racks of formworks, the interval identical to the width of a steel arch is reserved between the formworks, formwork erection is conducted in time, and the formworks and the steel arch jointly form a supporting layer; fourthly, through holes reserved in the formworks in advance, an arch apex concrete layer is formed in a high-pressure grouting mode, and small grouting guide pipes are punched into arch springs and the side walls of the steel arch; fifthly, the front end of a bottom die composed of the formworks and the steel arch is grouted and reinforced through the small guide pipes, operation of the next construction circulation stage of the collapse segment is conducted, and the first step, the second step, the third step and the fourth step are specifically repeated; sixthly, after second circulation is finished, supports of arch protecting layer concrete are formed through conveying ports embedded through the second step.

The invention discloses a U-shaped steel composite support structure for a deep dynamic pressure soft rock roadway and a construction method of the U-shaped steel composite support structure. The U-shaped steel composite support structure comprises anchor rods, anchor cables, a U-shaped steel support, a uniform pressure relief course, an inverted arch and supporting stand columns. The construction method comprises the steps that firstly, the anchor rods and the anchor cables are driven into surrounding rock; secondly, the U-shaped steel support is erected; and thirdly, the uniform pressure relief layer is arranged between the U-shaped steel support and the roadway surrounding rock, wherein the uniform pressure relief layer comprises a polyester fiber net, filling bodies and a rebar net. If the surround rock where the roadway is located is much broken, the number of surrounding rock grouting equipment can be increased; if a floor heave phenomenon occurs in the roadway, the number of inverted arches can be increased; and if the vault and the two sides of the roadway are intense in ground pressure and deform greatly, the number of supporting stand columns can be increased. The uniform pressure relief layer is additionally arranged on the basis of a common U-shaped steel support structure, the setting load of the support structure is increased through a pressure relief effect of the uniform pressure relief layer, and a high deformation buffering capability is achieved; and meanwhile, a plurality of selectable measures are provided, and the U-shaped steel composite support structure and the construction method thereof can adapt to different stratum conditions, can save the cost, and are remarkable in economic benefit.

The invention provides a tunnel double upper sidewall heading construction method. When a tunnel is excavated, the cross section of the tunnel is divided into a first heading, a second heading and an upper core soil; a No.1 lower step and a No.2 lower step are excavated in different time; and a boundary of the first heading and the No.1 lower step, and a boundary of the second heading and the No.2 lower step are springing lines. The method has the advantages that: the cross section of the tunnel is divided into an upper part and a lower part by taking the springing line as a boundary, wherein the upper part is constructed by an improved double sidewall heading method; the tunnel with a large section is divided into a left heading and a right heading to be constructed one after another immediately, and the core soil is excavated by sloping, so that the excavation section span is reduced and the supporting effect of the core soil is achieved; and the lower part is divided into a left part and a right part to be constructed one after another; an invert arch and a filler course are constructed timely; and the secondary linings of an arch wall and an arch crown are constructed finally so as to enter a common working condition together with surrounding rock and primary supports.

Triangulated shells can be free-formed but are uneconomical compared to translational shells that can only be flat. Scale-trans shells are limited in terms of number and arrangement of the openings. The present invention provides a free-formed, custom-tailored shell surface and a regularly shaped, mass-produced shell surface that can be assembled fairly evenly from advantageously quadrangular mesh elements having coplanar node points. The flexibility of a triangle net of shell pieces in a large scale is combined with the evenness of a quad net for meshes in a small scale, whereby triangular meshes at the shared side of adjoining square nets are combined in pairs to give irregular quadrangular meshes having coplanar vertices. The inventive shell is especially suitable for use as an energy-saving building such as a weekend home, emergency shelter, cupola of an observatory, roof of a building or an inner courtyard, as the shell of a large multi-story building or as a sports hall or factory building. It is also suitable as a part of a vault, and as a complex shell consisting of a single continuous surface for exhibition or station buildings. Parts of a Bohemian dome, cushion-roof, Isler shell or blob can be combined within any individual shell.

An engine hood for motor vehicles has a deformable head impact zone to protect pedestrians in the event of a collision with the motor vehicle. The engine hood comprises an outer shell, which is formed by the body paneling, and an inner shell which is arranged below the outer shell and is connected to the outer shell. The inner shell is provided with a vault-structured stiffening region in the region of the head impact zone.

A skylight with displacement absorber and interlocking telescoping tubes is provided. The displacement absorber may be expandable, compressible, and bendable. The displacement absorber may absorb thermal expansion and contraction displacement between the skylight assembly relative to the building in which it is installed, as well as mechanical compression displacement from forces upon the building roof. The interlocking telescoping tubes may provide for telescopic adjustment of the length of the tube assembly. Also provided is a collar for securement to the building roof, the collar optionally including a condensation collection gutter. The skylight may also include a top elbow, adjustable for angular orientation of the light tubes depending from it. A lower adaptor box is also provided, for adapting from the cross-sectional geometry of the displacement absorber to desired cross-sectional geometries of interior ceiling diffusers.

A cable rack arm and support system suitable for underground power and communication service is made from reinforced non-metallic polymers that will not rust or corrode. A cable rack arm up to thirty inches long may be compression molded with long glass fibers in a polyester or vinylester matrix. Each cable rack arm is securely mounted to a non-metallic stanchion that may be made from a reinforced, pultruded composite material. Nonmetallic pins may be used to secure the cable rack arms to the stanchions. Each cable rack arm then supports one or more cables in cable saddles that are snap-fit atop the arm, thus keeping the cables accessibly organized in a manhole, tunnel or vault. Each saddle may include elastomeric dampening material to reduce shock and vibration in the mechanical and electrical environment in underground tunnels, vaults and manholes.

The invention relates to the field of inclined shaft top brushing, in particular to an oblique-crossing inclined shaft upper arc guide top brushing construction method for a soft crushed rock layer, and solves the problems of the existing inclined shaft top brushing construction adopting small pilot tunnel top brushing. The method comprises the following steps of: setting curve transition at the intersection of an inclined shaft and a front tunnel so that an inclined shaft mouth is orthogonal with the front tunnel; arranging a door-shaped steel frame support at the intersection, wherein a steel arch frame of the front tunnel is firmly connected with the door-shaped steel frame; arranging a cover arch support at the section close to the front tunnel and inclined shaft; additionally arranging an I-shaped steel cross arm on a bottom plate; performing top brushing by use of an upper arc guide within the front tunnel range, wherein the last arch frame of the upper arc guide is vertical to the line direction, and the arch top is level with the arch top of the front tunnel; performing expanded excavation along the cross section of the front tunnel, and constructing an upper guide primary support of the front tunnel; reversely dismantling the steel arch frame temporary supports of the upper arc guide one by one, and constructing an upper guide primary support of the front tunnel on the other side; and performing normal construction within the front tunnel range to finish the top brushing. Through the invention, the working efficiency is improved, the construction is accelerated, the safety risk is lowered, the inclined shaft top brushing construction is safely, quickly, perfectly and efficiently finished, and a good effect is obtained.

The invention relates to a composite liner structure of a four-track large-span wall-foundation arched tunnel. According to the composite liner structure provided by the invention, subsidence of an arch crown of a four-track large-span tunnel can be effectively controlled, and crack of a liner, even a tunnel collapse accident caused by subsidence of an arch springing and deformation of the arch crown can be avoided so that the stability and the safety of tunnel construction and operation are ensured. The composite liner structure comprises a forepoling structure, a preliminary poling structure and a secondary liner structure which are arranged from inside to outside. The secondary liner structure comprises a secondary liner structure (31) at an arch part, wall-foundation structures (32) at two sides of a tunnel and an inverted arch; the forepoling structure comprises a forepoling structure (11) at the arch part and forepoling structures (12) on the side walls of a wall foundation; the preliminary poling structure comprises preliminary poling structures (21) at the arch part and preliminary poling structures (22) on the side walls of the wall foundation; and the lower ends of the preliminary poling structures (21) at the arch part and the secondary liner structure (31) at the arch part are respectively supported at the upper ends of the wall-foundation structures (32) at two sides of the tunnel.

This invention comprises reinforced industrial vaults with segmented knock-outs having a variety of shapes and orientations. The invention also comprises vaults having cast-in cable racks. The cable racks can be electrically connected to the reinforcing elements during manufacture, providing electrical grounding of electronic equipment placed in the vault. Cable channels can be installed at desired locations by selecting a knock-out, removing the knock-out and installing a terminator plate having cable conduits. Cable conduits can have diaphragms that can be removed to provide additional choices for locating cable channels. Cable channels can be provided in a vault in the field, even if the vault has been already installed.

The present invention is a method for laying out a dormer that projects outward from a main roof and has a gable end and a dormer roof originating at a dormer point and terminating at an outer edge of the dormer roof near the gabled end. The dormer includes roof sheathing supported by dormer trusses. The dormer trusses include a gable truss and a plurality of valley trusses. The method of the present invention includes receiving a plurality of dormer inputs from a user. A plurality of layouts for the roof sheathing on the dormer roof are generated as a function of the dormer inputs. One or more layouts are then recommended to a user to reduce a quantity of roof sheathing waste.

A CRD construction method tunnel waterproof construction method includes the following steps that after a primary support system is stabilized, deformation monitoring points are arranged on an arch crown and side walls; CRD I-steel is demounted every other within the range of a lining bottom plate and a lining top plate; the residual non-demounted I-steel is ground, and the periphery of the I-steel is floated with cement mortar and hardened; the non-demounted I-steel and the hardened base surface are coated with rubber bitumen and paved with waterproof plates, the surfaces of the waterproof plates on the periphery of the I-steel are coated with a layer of rubber bitumen, and eventually a water stop flange is welded to each I-steel, and grouting systems are arranged on the two sides of the I-steel; bottom plate lining construction and top plate lining construction are conducted, after the top plate lining construction is conducted, all residual temporary supports are demounted; temporary inverted arch concrete and the I-steel within the range of the bottom plate side walls are broken and demounted; bottom plate side wall ECB waterproof plate pavement and lining construction are conducted. The phenomenon of settlement deformation of primary supports in the lining process can be effectively controlled, the construction period is shortened, and construction investment is reduced.

A pipeline vent valve comprising a body (11) defining a chamber of clerestory configuration in which the upper portion (B) of the chamber is of reduced cross-sectional area, the chamber having an inlet (13) towards its lower end which is adapted to be connected to a pipeline and an outlet (15) in the upper portion, a valve body (23) supported in the upper portion of the chamber to be movable between a first position at which it is in sealing engagement with the outlet and a second position at which it is out of sealing engagement with the valve seat, said valve body being responsive to the level of liquid in the chamber in the chamber and being adapted to close on the liquid level in the chamber exceeding a predetermined level, said valve body having central passage (37) providing communication to each side of the valve body, a float member (21) supported within the chamber and adapted to cause said movement of said valve body between the first and second position as a result of the presence of liquid in the chamber, the float member being further adapted sealingly engage said central passage as the liquid in the chamber reaches the predetermined level and to and expose said passage on relative movement of the float member away from the valve body.

The present invention relates to a one time supporting arch subsurface excavation reversed construction method. The steps of the method are as follows: at least a pair of upper guide hole and lower guide hole are respectively excavated in a top body and a bottom body corresponding with an underground structure design space; each pair of guide holes forms one span; then the hole wall is processed for primary supporting; the bottom of the lower guide hole is laid with a waterproof layer; the waterproof layer is casted with an underlayer frame structure soleplate; a slope stake and a middle upright post are constructed from the upper guide hole; the arc top of the upper guide hole is laid with the waterproof layer, and an arc top permanent structure is cast; then a midspan soil body is excavated between two upper guide holes by a subsurface excavation method to form a midspan upper guide hole and to be constructed as a midspan upper guide hole arc top permanent structure; the primary support at the bottom of the upper guide hole is chiseled and removed; a soil body is excavated downwards, and a structure lateral wall and a middle floor slab are cast; the rest partial solid between the primary support at the top of the lower guide hole and the middle floor slab is excavated, at the same time, the primary support at the top of the lower guide hole is chiseled and removed, the rest lateral wall structure is cast, and an even span structure soleplate is closed. The method has small construction risk, large construction field and fast construction speed, uses few big guide holes and solves the technical problems of the large amount of the guide hole, the small size of the guide hole, small construction space, multiple times of structure stress conversions, the repeated perturbation of wall rock, etc of the traditional subsurface excavation method.

A cable rack arm and support system suitable for underground power and communication service is made from a non-metallic polymer that will not rust or corrode. The cable rack arm is adapted for mounting to existing underground stanchions or for stanchions of a more modern design. Each cable rack arm is securely mounted to the stanchion. Each cable rack arm then supports one or more cables in cable rests or saddles molded atop the arm, thus keeping the cables accessibly organized in a manhole, tunnel or vault. Plastic cable ties may be used to secure the cables to the cable rack arms. Nonmetallic pins may also be used to secure the cable rack arms to the stanchions. The stanchions may be made of nonmetallic composite material that includes a fiberglass cross-layered knitted apertured mat for increased strength.

The invention discloses a non-disturbance type supporting structure used for tunnel vault collapsed cavity processing. The supporting structure comprises a concrete reinforcement net layer laid on a wall face of a collapsed cavity and a protection arc erected along the fracture surface of the collapsed cavity. The protection arc is arranged under the concrete reinforcement net layer. Multiple support pieces are arranged between the protection arc and the concrete reinforcement net layer. The space between the arc back of the protection arc and the inner wall of the concrete reinforcement net layer is filled by arch back backfill layers. Compared with the new Austrian tunneling method, the supporting idea is more advanced by following the principle that surrounding racks and lining structures bearing load together, so the lining structures are allowed to actively participate in load bearing to the greatest extent. The wall face of the collapsed cavity will not be nearly disturbed in the implementation process, so construction risks in the collapsed cavity processing process and potential operation risks are reduced.