The invention discloses a litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method based on live food and water quality bio-regulation. The method includes following steps: (1), treating water before breeding,and performing live food culture; (2), arranging larvae; (3), breeding, regulating water quality, and preventing and controlling pest and disease; (4), marking thickness, desalting, and transferring.An ecological breeding technique of chlamydomonas plus artemia plus probiotics plus compound Chinese herbal medicine is provided, and natural protein, trace elements and minerals are provided for theshrimp larvae, so that the shrimp larvae have strong physique and resistivity, and ecological shrimp larvae bred by the method are big in size, orderly in specification, quick in growth and high in survival rate. The breeding method is advanced in concept, scientific, reasonable, easy in implementation and suitable for large-scale application in high-health breeding of litopenaeus vannamei and has good social benefit and economic benefit.