The invention discloses a parallel computation management-based autonomous navigation simulation and scheduling management system, which consists of a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system consists of a master control computer, a real-time scheduling computer, a simulation computing node, a real-time communication network and a clock card; the real-time communication network consists of a giga Ethernet network and an infiniband high-performance real-time network; and the software system consists of a supporting operating system, master control end software and real-time scheduling control software. The parallel computation management-based autonomous navigation simulation and scheduling management system ensures the real-time property of a simulation system due to the adoption of the infiniband high-performance real-time network and an REDHAWK real-time operating system, ensures the possibility that the system realizes parallel computations in terms of hardware due to the adoption of a computing server and a blade server, realizes the parallel computations among simulation system models based on a data driving asynchronous pipeline parallel real-time scheduling algorithm, and in combination with the hardware, greatly speeds up the computation of the simulation system and ensures the parallelism and the real-time property of the complex simulation system.